Molecular prevalence and phylogeny of Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma ovis and Theileria ovis in goats and sheep enrolled from a hill station in Punjab, Pakistan
Copyright: © 2023 Arif et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited..
Anaplasma marginale (A. marginale), Anaplasma ovis (A. ovis) and Theileria ovis (T. ovis) are among the most commonly reported intracellular tick borne pathogens that infect ruminants across the globe causing huge economic losses. This study aims to report the prevalence and phylogenetic evaluation of these three pathogens infecting sheep and goats (n = 333) that were enrolled from Fort Munro region in Pakistan by using msp1b, msp4 and 18S rRNA genes for A. marginale, A. ovis and T. ovis respectively. Results revealed almost similar infection rates in sheep and goats with an overall prevalence of 11% for A. marginale, 28% for A. ovis and 3% for T. ovis. Concurrent infection was also recorded, however, the number of animals infected with two pathogens (n = 24; 7.2%) was higher than infection with three pathogens (n = 2; 0.6%). Risk factor analysis revealed that sheep reared in small herds had higher A. marginale (P = 0.03) and A. ovis (P = 0.04) infection rates compared to those from large herds. In addition, it was observed that bucks (P ≤ 0.05) and tick-free goats (P ≤ 0.05) exhibited higher A. ovis infection rates than nannies. Phylogenetic analysis of all three pathogens showed that Pakistani isolates were clustered together and were closely related to previously deposited Pakistani isolates as well as with those that were reported from worldwide countries. In conclusion, we are reporting that Pakistani sheep and goats have A. marginale, A. ovis and T. ovis mediated infections and control measures should be taken against them to improve the productivity of the livestock sector.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2023 |
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| Erschienen: |
2023 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:18 |
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| Enthalten in: |
PloS one - 18(2023), 11 vom: 08., Seite e0291302 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Arif, Muhammad [VerfasserIn] |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 10.11.2023 Date Revised 29.11.2023 published: Electronic-eCollection Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1371/journal.pone.0291302 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Arif, Muhammad |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Molecular prevalence and phylogeny of Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma ovis and Theileria ovis in goats and sheep enrolled from a hill station in Punjab, Pakistan |
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| 520 | |a Copyright: © 2023 Arif et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. | ||
| 520 | |a Anaplasma marginale (A. marginale), Anaplasma ovis (A. ovis) and Theileria ovis (T. ovis) are among the most commonly reported intracellular tick borne pathogens that infect ruminants across the globe causing huge economic losses. This study aims to report the prevalence and phylogenetic evaluation of these three pathogens infecting sheep and goats (n = 333) that were enrolled from Fort Munro region in Pakistan by using msp1b, msp4 and 18S rRNA genes for A. marginale, A. ovis and T. ovis respectively. Results revealed almost similar infection rates in sheep and goats with an overall prevalence of 11% for A. marginale, 28% for A. ovis and 3% for T. ovis. Concurrent infection was also recorded, however, the number of animals infected with two pathogens (n = 24; 7.2%) was higher than infection with three pathogens (n = 2; 0.6%). Risk factor analysis revealed that sheep reared in small herds had higher A. marginale (P = 0.03) and A. ovis (P = 0.04) infection rates compared to those from large herds. In addition, it was observed that bucks (P ≤ 0.05) and tick-free goats (P ≤ 0.05) exhibited higher A. ovis infection rates than nannies. Phylogenetic analysis of all three pathogens showed that Pakistani isolates were clustered together and were closely related to previously deposited Pakistani isolates as well as with those that were reported from worldwide countries. In conclusion, we are reporting that Pakistani sheep and goats have A. marginale, A. ovis and T. ovis mediated infections and control measures should be taken against them to improve the productivity of the livestock sector | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Bashir, Ahsan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Farooq, Muhammad |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Nasreen, Nasreen |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Khan, Adil |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Asif, Muhammad |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Khalil, Muhammad Asif |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ijaz, Maryam |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Muqaddas, Hira |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Mehmood, Naunain |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Iqbal, Furhan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chen, Chien-Chin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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