Normative Data for the 12-Item Sniffin' Sticks Odor Identification Test in Older Adults
© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissionoup.com..
OBJECTIVE: Quantitative olfactory assessment has demonstrated clinical utility for the evaluation of a range of neurologic, psychiatric, and sinonasal conditions. Here, we provide age, sex, race, and education-specific normative data for the 12-item Sniffin Sticks Odor Identification Test (SSOIT-12) in older Black and White U.S. adults without preclinical or clinical dementia or sinonasal disease.
METHOD: A sample of 2,224 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study participants aged 66-89 years were included. A normative regression equation was developed using a linear model for the association of age, sex, race, and education with odor identification score. Regression-based normative mean scores and percentiles were generated by age, sex, race, and education groups.
RESULTS: Participants (mean age = 74 years, 59% women, 20% Black, 48% > high school education) had a mean SSOIT-12 score of 9.8. Age, sex, race, and education were all associated with odor identification performance (all ps < .05). A linear regression model for the predicted SSOIT-12 score was developed for use with an individual's actual SSOIT-12 score in order to calculate the Z-score and corresponding percentile for a specific age, sex, race, and education group. Data are also reported in tabular format.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides SSOIT-12 normative data obtained from a large population of White and Black older adults without preclinical or clinical dementia or sinonasal disease living in the USA. These findings can aid clinicians in assessing the degree of olfactory loss, establishing concordance with a person's perception of olfactory difficulties and quantitatively monitoring changes in olfactory performance over time.
| Errataetall: |
ErratumIn: Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2024 Apr 01;:. - PMID 38563046 |
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| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 |
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| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:39 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists - 39(2024), 3 vom: 24. Apr., Seite 335-346 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Kamath, Vidyulata [VerfasserIn] |
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Date Completed 24.04.2024 Date Revised 27.04.2024 published: Print ErratumIn: Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2024 Apr 01;:. - PMID 38563046 Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1093/arclin/acad080 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM363754431 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Normative Data for the 12-Item Sniffin' Sticks Odor Identification Test in Older Adults |
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| 500 | |a published: Print | ||
| 500 | |a ErratumIn: Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2024 Apr 01;:. - PMID 38563046 | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissionoup.com. | ||
| 520 | |a OBJECTIVE: Quantitative olfactory assessment has demonstrated clinical utility for the evaluation of a range of neurologic, psychiatric, and sinonasal conditions. Here, we provide age, sex, race, and education-specific normative data for the 12-item Sniffin Sticks Odor Identification Test (SSOIT-12) in older Black and White U.S. adults without preclinical or clinical dementia or sinonasal disease | ||
| 520 | |a METHOD: A sample of 2,224 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study participants aged 66-89 years were included. A normative regression equation was developed using a linear model for the association of age, sex, race, and education with odor identification score. Regression-based normative mean scores and percentiles were generated by age, sex, race, and education groups | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: Participants (mean age = 74 years, 59% women, 20% Black, 48% > high school education) had a mean SSOIT-12 score of 9.8. Age, sex, race, and education were all associated with odor identification performance (all ps < .05). A linear regression model for the predicted SSOIT-12 score was developed for use with an individual's actual SSOIT-12 score in order to calculate the Z-score and corresponding percentile for a specific age, sex, race, and education group. Data are also reported in tabular format | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides SSOIT-12 normative data obtained from a large population of White and Black older adults without preclinical or clinical dementia or sinonasal disease living in the USA. These findings can aid clinicians in assessing the degree of olfactory loss, establishing concordance with a person's perception of olfactory difficulties and quantitatively monitoring changes in olfactory performance over time | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Aging | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Anosmia | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Impaired olfaction | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Olfaction | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Smell | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chen, Honglei |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Shrestha, Srishti |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Mechanic-Hamilton, Dawn |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Deal, Jennifer A |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Mosley, Thomas H |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Schneider, Andrea L C |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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