An anatomically-realistic computational framework for evaluating the efficacy of protective plates in mitigating non-penetrating ballistic impacts
Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved..
BACKGROUND: A major threat in combat scenarios is the 'behind armor blunt trauma' (BABT) of a non-penetrating ballistic impact with a ballistic protective plate (BPP). This impact results in pressure waves that propagate through tissues, potentially causing life-threatening damage. To date, there is no standardized procedure for rapid virtual testing of the effectiveness of BPP designs. The objective of this study was to develop a novel, anatomically-accurate, finite element modeling framework, as a decision-making tool to evaluate and rate the biomechanical efficacy of BPPs in protecting the torso from battlefield-acquired non-penetrating impacts.
METHODS: To simulate a blunt impact with a BPP, two types of BPPs representing generic designs of threat-level III and IV plates, and a generic 5.56 mm bullet were modeled, based on their real dimensions, physical and mechanical characteristics (plate level-III is smaller, thinner, and lighter than plate level-IV). The model was validated by phantom testing.
RESULTS: Plate level-IV induced greater strains and stresses in the superficial tissues post the ballistic impact, due to the fact that it is larger, thicker and heavier than plate level-III; the shock wave which is transferred to the superficial tissues behind the BPP is greater in the case of a non-penetrating impact. For example - the area under volumetric tissue exposure histograms of strains and stresses for the skin and adipose tissues were 16.6-19.2% and 17.3-20.3% greater in the case of plate level-IV, for strains and stresses, respectively. The validation demonstrates a strong agreement between the physical phantom experiment and the simulation, with only a 6.37% difference between them.
CONCLUSIONS: Our modelling provides a versatile, powerful testing framework for both industry and clients of BPPs at the prototype design phase, or for quantitative standardized evaluations of candidate products in purchasing decisions and bids.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2023 |
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| Erschienen: |
2023 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:166 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Computers in biology and medicine - 166(2023) vom: 16. Sept., Seite 107490 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Lustig, Maayan [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Ballistic impact |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Revised 22.09.2023 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status Publisher |
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| doi: |
10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107490 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| 520 | |a BACKGROUND: A major threat in combat scenarios is the 'behind armor blunt trauma' (BABT) of a non-penetrating ballistic impact with a ballistic protective plate (BPP). This impact results in pressure waves that propagate through tissues, potentially causing life-threatening damage. To date, there is no standardized procedure for rapid virtual testing of the effectiveness of BPP designs. The objective of this study was to develop a novel, anatomically-accurate, finite element modeling framework, as a decision-making tool to evaluate and rate the biomechanical efficacy of BPPs in protecting the torso from battlefield-acquired non-penetrating impacts | ||
| 520 | |a METHODS: To simulate a blunt impact with a BPP, two types of BPPs representing generic designs of threat-level III and IV plates, and a generic 5.56 mm bullet were modeled, based on their real dimensions, physical and mechanical characteristics (plate level-III is smaller, thinner, and lighter than plate level-IV). The model was validated by phantom testing | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: Plate level-IV induced greater strains and stresses in the superficial tissues post the ballistic impact, due to the fact that it is larger, thicker and heavier than plate level-III; the shock wave which is transferred to the superficial tissues behind the BPP is greater in the case of a non-penetrating impact. For example - the area under volumetric tissue exposure histograms of strains and stresses for the skin and adipose tissues were 16.6-19.2% and 17.3-20.3% greater in the case of plate level-IV, for strains and stresses, respectively. The validation demonstrates a strong agreement between the physical phantom experiment and the simulation, with only a 6.37% difference between them | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSIONS: Our modelling provides a versatile, powerful testing framework for both industry and clients of BPPs at the prototype design phase, or for quantitative standardized evaluations of candidate products in purchasing decisions and bids | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Ballistic impact | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Behind armor blunt trauma (BABT) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Finite element modelling | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Protective plate | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Thoracic injury | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Epstein, Yoram |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gefen, Amit |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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