Craving modulates attentional bias towards alcohol in severe alcohol use disorder : An eye-tracking study
© 2023 Society for the Study of Addiction..
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Competing models disagree on three theoretical questions regarding alcohol-related attentional bias (AB), a key process in severe alcohol use disorder (SAUD): (1) is AB more of a trait (fixed, associated with alcohol use severity) or state (fluid, associated with momentary craving states) characteristic of SAUD; (2) does AB purely reflect the over-activation of the reflexive/reward system or is it also influenced by the activity of the reflective/control system and (3) does AB rely upon early or later processing stages? We addressed these issues by investigating the time-course of AB and its modulation by subjective craving and cognitive load in SAUD.
DESIGN: A free-viewing eye-tracking task, presenting pictures of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, combined with a concurrent cognitive task with three difficulty levels.
SETTING: A laboratory setting in the detoxification units of three Belgian hospitals.
PARTICIPANTS: We included 30 patients with SAUD self-reporting craving at testing time, 30 patients with SAUD reporting a total absence of craving and 30 controls matched on sex and age. All participants from SAUD groups met the DSM-5 criteria for SAUD.
MEASUREMENTS: We assessed AB through early and late eye-tracking indices. We evaluated the modulation of AB by craving (comparison between patients with/without craving) and cognitive load (variation of AB with the difficulty level of the concurrent task).
FINDINGS: Dwell time measure indicated that SAUD patients with craving allocated more attention towards alcohol-related stimuli than patients without craving (P < 0.001, d = 1.093), resulting in opposite approach/avoidance AB according to craving presence/absence. SAUD patients without craving showed a stronger avoidance AB than controls (P = 0.003, d = 0.806). AB did not vary according to cognitive load (P = 0.962, η2 p = 0.004).
CONCLUSIONS: The direction of alcohol-related attentional bias (approach/avoidance) appears to be determined by patients' subjective craving at testing time and does not function as a stable trait of severe alcohol use disorder. Alcohol-related attentional bias appears to rely on later/controlled attentional stages but is not modulated by the saturation of the reflective/control system.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 2023 |
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| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:119 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Addiction (Abingdon, England) - 119(2023), 1 vom: 01. Jan., Seite 102-112 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Bollen, Zoé [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
3K9958V90M |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 19.12.2023 Date Revised 19.12.2023 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1111/add.16333 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Craving modulates attentional bias towards alcohol in severe alcohol use disorder |b An eye-tracking study |
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| 500 | |a Date Revised 19.12.2023 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a © 2023 Society for the Study of Addiction. | ||
| 520 | |a BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Competing models disagree on three theoretical questions regarding alcohol-related attentional bias (AB), a key process in severe alcohol use disorder (SAUD): (1) is AB more of a trait (fixed, associated with alcohol use severity) or state (fluid, associated with momentary craving states) characteristic of SAUD; (2) does AB purely reflect the over-activation of the reflexive/reward system or is it also influenced by the activity of the reflective/control system and (3) does AB rely upon early or later processing stages? We addressed these issues by investigating the time-course of AB and its modulation by subjective craving and cognitive load in SAUD | ||
| 520 | |a DESIGN: A free-viewing eye-tracking task, presenting pictures of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, combined with a concurrent cognitive task with three difficulty levels | ||
| 520 | |a SETTING: A laboratory setting in the detoxification units of three Belgian hospitals | ||
| 520 | |a PARTICIPANTS: We included 30 patients with SAUD self-reporting craving at testing time, 30 patients with SAUD reporting a total absence of craving and 30 controls matched on sex and age. All participants from SAUD groups met the DSM-5 criteria for SAUD | ||
| 520 | |a MEASUREMENTS: We assessed AB through early and late eye-tracking indices. We evaluated the modulation of AB by craving (comparison between patients with/without craving) and cognitive load (variation of AB with the difficulty level of the concurrent task) | ||
| 520 | |a FINDINGS: Dwell time measure indicated that SAUD patients with craving allocated more attention towards alcohol-related stimuli than patients without craving (P < 0.001, d = 1.093), resulting in opposite approach/avoidance AB according to craving presence/absence. SAUD patients without craving showed a stronger avoidance AB than controls (P = 0.003, d = 0.806). AB did not vary according to cognitive load (P = 0.962, η2 p = 0.004) | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSIONS: The direction of alcohol-related attentional bias (approach/avoidance) appears to be determined by patients' subjective craving at testing time and does not function as a stable trait of severe alcohol use disorder. Alcohol-related attentional bias appears to rely on later/controlled attentional stages but is not modulated by the saturation of the reflective/control system | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Alcohol | |
| 650 | 4 | |a alcohol use disorder | |
| 650 | 4 | |a attentional bias | |
| 650 | 4 | |a avoidance bias | |
| 650 | 4 | |a cognitive load | |
| 650 | 4 | |a eye-tracking | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Ethanol |2 NLM | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Wiers, Reinout W |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Field, Matt |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Maurage, Pierre |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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