A Pilot Study of Short-Course Oral Vitamin A and Aerosolised Diffuser Olfactory Training for the Treatment of Smell Loss in Long COVID
Background: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a common neurosensory manifestation in long COVID. An effective and safe treatment against COVID-19-related OD is needed. Methods: This pilot trial recruited long COVID patients with persistent OD. Participants were randomly assigned to receive short-course (14 days) oral vitamin A (VitA; 25,000 IU per day) and aerosolised diffuser olfactory training (OT) thrice daily (combination), OT alone (standard care), or observation (control) for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was differences in olfactory function by butanol threshold tests (BTT) between baseline and end-of-treatment. Secondary outcomes included smell identification tests (SIT), structural MRI brain, and serial seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analyses in the olfactory cortical network by resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). Results: A total of 24 participants were randomly assigned to receive either combination treatment (n = 10), standard care (n = 9), or control (n = 5). Median OD duration was 157 days (IQR 127-175). Mean baseline BTT score was 2.3 (SD 1.1). At end-of-treatment, mean BTT scores were significantly higher for the combination group than control (p < 0.001, MD = 4.4, 95% CI 1.7 to 7.2) and standard care (p = 0.009) groups. Interval SIT scores increased significantly (p = 0.009) in the combination group. rs-fMRI showed significantly higher FC in the combination group when compared to other groups. At end-of-treatment, positive correlations were found in the increased FC at left inferior frontal gyrus and clinically significant improvements in measured BTT (r = 0.858, p < 0.001) and SIT (r = 0.548, p = 0.042) scores for the combination group. Conclusions: Short-course oral VitA and aerosolised diffuser OT was effective as a combination treatment for persistent OD in long COVID.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2023 |
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| Erschienen: |
2023 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:13 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Brain sciences - 13(2023), 7 vom: 30. Juni |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Chung, Tom Wai-Hin [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Aerosolised |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Revised 31.07.2023 published: Electronic Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.3390/brainsci13071014 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM360088155 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Chung, Tom Wai-Hin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 2 | |a A Pilot Study of Short-Course Oral Vitamin A and Aerosolised Diffuser Olfactory Training for the Treatment of Smell Loss in Long COVID |
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| 520 | |a Background: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a common neurosensory manifestation in long COVID. An effective and safe treatment against COVID-19-related OD is needed. Methods: This pilot trial recruited long COVID patients with persistent OD. Participants were randomly assigned to receive short-course (14 days) oral vitamin A (VitA; 25,000 IU per day) and aerosolised diffuser olfactory training (OT) thrice daily (combination), OT alone (standard care), or observation (control) for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was differences in olfactory function by butanol threshold tests (BTT) between baseline and end-of-treatment. Secondary outcomes included smell identification tests (SIT), structural MRI brain, and serial seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analyses in the olfactory cortical network by resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). Results: A total of 24 participants were randomly assigned to receive either combination treatment (n = 10), standard care (n = 9), or control (n = 5). Median OD duration was 157 days (IQR 127-175). Mean baseline BTT score was 2.3 (SD 1.1). At end-of-treatment, mean BTT scores were significantly higher for the combination group than control (p < 0.001, MD = 4.4, 95% CI 1.7 to 7.2) and standard care (p = 0.009) groups. Interval SIT scores increased significantly (p = 0.009) in the combination group. rs-fMRI showed significantly higher FC in the combination group when compared to other groups. At end-of-treatment, positive correlations were found in the increased FC at left inferior frontal gyrus and clinically significant improvements in measured BTT (r = 0.858, p < 0.001) and SIT (r = 0.548, p = 0.042) scores for the combination group. Conclusions: Short-course oral VitA and aerosolised diffuser OT was effective as a combination treatment for persistent OD in long COVID | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Zhang, Hui |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wong, Fergus Kai-Chuen |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Sridhar, Siddharth |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lee, Tatia Mei-Chun |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Leung, Gilberto Ka-Kit |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chan, Koon-Ho |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lau, Kui-Kai |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Tam, Anthony Raymond |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ho, Deborah Tip-Yin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Yuen, Kwok-Yung |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hung, Ivan Fan-Ngai |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Mak, Henry Ka-Fung |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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