Trends and Opportunities : Hepatitis A Virus Infection, Seroprevalence, and Vaccination Coverage-United States, 1976-2020
OBJECTIVES: The incidence of hepatitis A declined in the United States following the introduction of hepatitis A vaccines, before increasing in the setting of recent widespread outbreaks associated with person-to-person transmission. We describe the hepatitis A epidemiology in the United States, identify susceptible populations over time, and demonstrate the need for improved hepatitis A vaccination coverage, especially among adults at increased risk for hepatitis A.
METHODS: We calculated the hepatitis A incidence rates for sociodemographic characteristics and percentages for risk factors and clinical outcomes for hepatitis A cases reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System during 1990-2020. We generated nationally representative estimates and 95% CIs of hepatitis A seroprevalence during 1976-March 2020 and self-reported hepatitis A vaccination coverage during 1999-March 2020 for the noninstitutionalized civilian US population using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
RESULTS: Overall, the rate per 100 000 population of reported cases of hepatitis A virus infection in the United States declined 17.3-fold, from 10.4 during 1990-1998 to 0.6 during 2007-2015, and then increased to 2.8 during 2016-2020. The overall hepatitis A seroprevalence in the United States increased from 38.2% (95% CI, 36.2%-40.1%) during 1976-1980 to 47.3% (95% CI, 45.4%-49.2%) during 2015-March 2020. The prevalence of self-reported hepatitis A vaccination coverage in the United States increased more than 2.5-fold, from 16.3% (95% CI, 15.0%-17.7%) during 1999-2006 to 41.9% (95% CI, 40.2%-43.7%) during 2015-March 2020.
CONCLUSIONS: Hepatitis A epidemiology in the United States changed substantially during 1976-2020. Improved vaccination coverage, especially among adults recommended for vaccination by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, is vital to stop current hepatitis A outbreaks associated with person-to-person transmission in the United States and prevent similar future recurrences.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2023 |
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| Erschienen: |
2023 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - year:2023 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) - (2023) vom: 21. Juli, Seite 333549231184007 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Hofmeister, Megan G [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Hepatitis A |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Revised 22.07.2023 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status Publisher |
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| doi: |
10.1177/00333549231184007 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM359804969 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Hofmeister, Megan G |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Trends and Opportunities |b Hepatitis A Virus Infection, Seroprevalence, and Vaccination Coverage-United States, 1976-2020 |
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| 500 | |a Date Revised 22.07.2023 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status Publisher | ||
| 520 | |a OBJECTIVES: The incidence of hepatitis A declined in the United States following the introduction of hepatitis A vaccines, before increasing in the setting of recent widespread outbreaks associated with person-to-person transmission. We describe the hepatitis A epidemiology in the United States, identify susceptible populations over time, and demonstrate the need for improved hepatitis A vaccination coverage, especially among adults at increased risk for hepatitis A | ||
| 520 | |a METHODS: We calculated the hepatitis A incidence rates for sociodemographic characteristics and percentages for risk factors and clinical outcomes for hepatitis A cases reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System during 1990-2020. We generated nationally representative estimates and 95% CIs of hepatitis A seroprevalence during 1976-March 2020 and self-reported hepatitis A vaccination coverage during 1999-March 2020 for the noninstitutionalized civilian US population using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: Overall, the rate per 100 000 population of reported cases of hepatitis A virus infection in the United States declined 17.3-fold, from 10.4 during 1990-1998 to 0.6 during 2007-2015, and then increased to 2.8 during 2016-2020. The overall hepatitis A seroprevalence in the United States increased from 38.2% (95% CI, 36.2%-40.1%) during 1976-1980 to 47.3% (95% CI, 45.4%-49.2%) during 2015-March 2020. The prevalence of self-reported hepatitis A vaccination coverage in the United States increased more than 2.5-fold, from 16.3% (95% CI, 15.0%-17.7%) during 1999-2006 to 41.9% (95% CI, 40.2%-43.7%) during 2015-March 2020 | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSIONS: Hepatitis A epidemiology in the United States changed substantially during 1976-2020. Improved vaccination coverage, especially among adults recommended for vaccination by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, is vital to stop current hepatitis A outbreaks associated with person-to-person transmission in the United States and prevent similar future recurrences | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a hepatitis A | |
| 650 | 4 | |a hepatitis A vaccine | |
| 650 | 4 | |a infectious disease outbreak | |
| 650 | 4 | |a seroprevalence | |
| 650 | 4 | |a vaccine-preventable disease | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Yin, Shaoman |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Nelson, Noele P |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Weng, Mark K |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gupta, Neil |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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