Cholera and COVID-19 pandemic prevention in multiple hotspot districts of Uganda : vaccine coverage, adverse events following immunization and WASH conditions survey
© 2023. The Author(s)..
BACKGROUND: Between March, 2020 and December, 2021 due to cholera and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemics, there were 1,534 cholera cases with 14 deaths and 136,065 COVID-19 cases with 3,285 deaths reported respectively in Uganda. This study investigated mass vaccination campaigns for the prevention of the two pandemics namely: oral cholera vaccine (OCV) and COVID-19 vaccine coverage; adverse events following immunization (AEFI); barriers and enablers for the vaccine uptake and assessed water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) conditions in the six cholera and COVID-19 hotspot districts of Uganda.
METHODS: A household survey was conducted between January and February, 2022 in the six cholera hotspot districts of Uganda which had recently conducted OCV mass vaccination campaigns and had ongoing COVID-19 mass vaccination campaigns. The survey randomly enrolled 900 households with 4,315 persons of whom 2,085 were above 18 years. Data were collected using a data entry application designed in KoBoToolbox and analysed using STATA version 14. Frequencies, percentages, odds ratios, means, confidence intervals and maps were generated and interpreted.
RESULTS: The OCV coverage for dose one and two were 85% (95% CI: 84.2-86.4) and 67% (95% CI: 65.6-68.4) respectively. Among the 4,315 OCV recipients, 2% reported mild AEFI, 0.16% reported moderate AEFI and none reported severe AEFI. The COVID-19 vaccination coverage for dose one and two were 69.8% (95% CI: 67.8-71.8) and 18.8% (95% CI: 17.1-20.5) respectively. Approximately, 23% (478/2,085) of COVID-19 vaccine recipient reported AEFI; most 94% were mild, 0.6% were moderate and 2 cases were severe. The commonest reason for missing COVID-19 vaccine was fear of the side effects. For most districts (5/6), sanitation (latrine/toilet) coverage were low at 7.4%-37.4%.
CONCLUSION: There is high OCV coverage but low COVID-19 vaccine and sanitation coverage with high number of moderate cases of AEFI recorded due to COVID-19 vaccines. The low COVID-19 vaccine coverage could indicate vaccine hesitancy for COVID-19 vaccines. Furthermore, incorporation of WASH conditions assessment in the OCV coverage surveys is recommended for similar settings to generate data for better planning. However, more studies are required on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2023 |
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| Erschienen: |
2023 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:23 |
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| Enthalten in: |
BMC infectious diseases - 23(2023), 1 vom: 21. Juli, Seite 487 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Bwire, Godfrey [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Adverse event following immunization |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 24.07.2023 Date Revised 03.09.2023 published: Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1186/s12879-023-08462-y |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM359802419 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Bwire, Godfrey |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Cholera and COVID-19 pandemic prevention in multiple hotspot districts of Uganda |b vaccine coverage, adverse events following immunization and WASH conditions survey |
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| 500 | |a Date Completed 24.07.2023 | ||
| 500 | |a Date Revised 03.09.2023 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a © 2023. The Author(s). | ||
| 520 | |a BACKGROUND: Between March, 2020 and December, 2021 due to cholera and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemics, there were 1,534 cholera cases with 14 deaths and 136,065 COVID-19 cases with 3,285 deaths reported respectively in Uganda. This study investigated mass vaccination campaigns for the prevention of the two pandemics namely: oral cholera vaccine (OCV) and COVID-19 vaccine coverage; adverse events following immunization (AEFI); barriers and enablers for the vaccine uptake and assessed water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) conditions in the six cholera and COVID-19 hotspot districts of Uganda | ||
| 520 | |a METHODS: A household survey was conducted between January and February, 2022 in the six cholera hotspot districts of Uganda which had recently conducted OCV mass vaccination campaigns and had ongoing COVID-19 mass vaccination campaigns. The survey randomly enrolled 900 households with 4,315 persons of whom 2,085 were above 18 years. Data were collected using a data entry application designed in KoBoToolbox and analysed using STATA version 14. Frequencies, percentages, odds ratios, means, confidence intervals and maps were generated and interpreted | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: The OCV coverage for dose one and two were 85% (95% CI: 84.2-86.4) and 67% (95% CI: 65.6-68.4) respectively. Among the 4,315 OCV recipients, 2% reported mild AEFI, 0.16% reported moderate AEFI and none reported severe AEFI. The COVID-19 vaccination coverage for dose one and two were 69.8% (95% CI: 67.8-71.8) and 18.8% (95% CI: 17.1-20.5) respectively. Approximately, 23% (478/2,085) of COVID-19 vaccine recipient reported AEFI; most 94% were mild, 0.6% were moderate and 2 cases were severe. The commonest reason for missing COVID-19 vaccine was fear of the side effects. For most districts (5/6), sanitation (latrine/toilet) coverage were low at 7.4%-37.4% | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSION: There is high OCV coverage but low COVID-19 vaccine and sanitation coverage with high number of moderate cases of AEFI recorded due to COVID-19 vaccines. The low COVID-19 vaccine coverage could indicate vaccine hesitancy for COVID-19 vaccines. Furthermore, incorporation of WASH conditions assessment in the OCV coverage surveys is recommended for similar settings to generate data for better planning. However, more studies are required on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Adverse event following immunization | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Africa | |
| 650 | 4 | |a COVID | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Cholera | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Coronavirus | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Pandemic | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sanitation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Uganda | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Vaccine coverage | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Vaccine hesitancy | |
| 650 | 4 | |a WASH | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Water coverage | |
| 650 | 7 | |a COVID-19 Vaccines |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Cholera Vaccines |2 NLM | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Amulen, Esther |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bwanika, John Baptist |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Badebye, Joan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Aanyu, Christine |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Nakirya, Brenda Doreen |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Okello, Alfred |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Okello, Stephen Acellam |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bukenya, Justine N |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Orach, Christopher Garimoi |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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