Beta-Secretase 1 Recruits Amyloid-Beta Precursor Protein to ROCK2 Kinase, Resulting in Erroneous Phosphorylation and Beta-Amyloid Plaque Formation
The amyloidogenic processing of APP depends on two events: its phosphorylation by ROCK2 (at Thr654) and the phosphorylation of the APP-cleaving enzyme BACE1 (at Ser498). However, the mechanisms and structural details of APP-ROCK2 and BACE1-ROCK2 binding are unknown. Using direct physical methods in combination with an in silico approach, we found that BACE1 binds into the substrate-binding groove of ROCK2 with a low affinity (Kd = 18 µM), while no binding of APP to ROCK2 alone could be detected. On the other hand, a strong association (Kd = 3.5 nM) of APP to the weak ROCK2-BACE1 complex was observed, although no stable ternary complex was detected, i.e., BACE1 was displaced by APP. We constructed a sequential functional model: (1) BACE1 weakly binds to ROCK2 and induces an allosteric conformational change in ROCK2; (2) APP strongly binds to the ROCK2-BACE1 complex, and BACE1 is released; and (3) ROCK2 phosphorylates APP at Thr654 (leading to a longer stay in the early endosome during APP processing). Direct fluorescence titration experiments showed that the APP646-664 or APP665-695 fragments did not bind separately to the ROCK2-BACE1 complex. Based on these observations, we conclude that two binding sites are involved in the ROCK2-APP interaction: (1) the substrate-binding groove, where the APP646-664 sequence containing Thr654 sits and (2) the allosteric binding site, where the APP665-695 sequence binds. These results open the way to attack the allosteric site to prevent APP phosphorylation at Thr654 by ROCK2 without inhibiting the activity of ROCK2 towards its other substrates.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2023 |
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| Erschienen: |
2023 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:24 |
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| Enthalten in: |
International journal of molecular sciences - 24(2023), 13 vom: 21. Juni |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Hajdú, István [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 17.07.2023 Date Revised 18.07.2023 published: Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.3390/ijms241310416 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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NLM35946338X |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Hajdú, István |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Beta-Secretase 1 Recruits Amyloid-Beta Precursor Protein to ROCK2 Kinase, Resulting in Erroneous Phosphorylation and Beta-Amyloid Plaque Formation |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2023 | |
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| 500 | |a Date Completed 17.07.2023 | ||
| 500 | |a Date Revised 18.07.2023 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a The amyloidogenic processing of APP depends on two events: its phosphorylation by ROCK2 (at Thr654) and the phosphorylation of the APP-cleaving enzyme BACE1 (at Ser498). However, the mechanisms and structural details of APP-ROCK2 and BACE1-ROCK2 binding are unknown. Using direct physical methods in combination with an in silico approach, we found that BACE1 binds into the substrate-binding groove of ROCK2 with a low affinity (Kd = 18 µM), while no binding of APP to ROCK2 alone could be detected. On the other hand, a strong association (Kd = 3.5 nM) of APP to the weak ROCK2-BACE1 complex was observed, although no stable ternary complex was detected, i.e., BACE1 was displaced by APP. We constructed a sequential functional model: (1) BACE1 weakly binds to ROCK2 and induces an allosteric conformational change in ROCK2; (2) APP strongly binds to the ROCK2-BACE1 complex, and BACE1 is released; and (3) ROCK2 phosphorylates APP at Thr654 (leading to a longer stay in the early endosome during APP processing). Direct fluorescence titration experiments showed that the APP646-664 or APP665-695 fragments did not bind separately to the ROCK2-BACE1 complex. Based on these observations, we conclude that two binding sites are involved in the ROCK2-APP interaction: (1) the substrate-binding groove, where the APP646-664 sequence containing Thr654 sits and (2) the allosteric binding site, where the APP665-695 sequence binds. These results open the way to attack the allosteric site to prevent APP phosphorylation at Thr654 by ROCK2 without inhibiting the activity of ROCK2 towards its other substrates | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a allosteric binding site | |
| 650 | 4 | |a amyloid precursor protein (APP) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a beta-secretase (BACE1) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a phosphorylation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a rho-kinase (ROCK) | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Amyloid beta-Peptides |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a EC 3.4.- |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a EC 3.4.23.- |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a ROCK2 protein, human |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a EC 2.7.11.1 |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a rho-Associated Kinases |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a EC 2.7.11.1 |2 NLM | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Végh, Barbara M |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Szilágyi, András |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Závodszky, Péter |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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| 773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:24 |g year:2023 |g number:13 |g day:21 |g month:06 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310416 |3 Volltext |
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