COVID-19 risk mitigation in reopening mass cultural events : population-based observational study for the UK Events Research Programme in Liverpool City Region
OBJECTIVES: To understand severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission risks, perceived risks and the feasibility of risk mitigations from experimental mass cultural events before coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) restrictions were lifted.
DESIGN: Prospective, population-wide observational study.
SETTING: Four events (two nightclubs, an outdoor music festival and a business conference) open to Liverpool City Region UK residents, requiring a negative lateral flow test (LFT) within the 36 h before the event, but not requiring social distancing or face-coverings.
PARTICIPANTS: A total of 12,256 individuals attending one or more events between 28 April and 2 May 2021.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: SARS-CoV-2 infections detected using audience self-swabbed (5-7 days post-event) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, with viral genomic analysis of cases, plus linked National Health Service COVID-19 testing data. Audience experiences were gathered via questionnaires, focus groups and social media. Indoor CO2 concentrations were monitored.
RESULTS: A total of 12 PCR-positive cases (likely 4 index, 8 primary or secondary), 10 from the nightclubs. Two further cases had positive LFTs but no PCR. A total of 11,896 (97.1%) participants with scanned tickets were matched to a negative pre-event LFT: 4972 (40.6%) returned a PCR within a week. CO2 concentrations showed areas for improving ventilation at the nightclubs. Population infection rates were low, yet with a concurrent outbreak of >50 linked cases around a local swimming pool without equivalent risk mitigations. Audience anxiety was low and enjoyment high.
CONCLUSIONS: We observed minor SARS-CoV-2 transmission and low perceived risks around events when prevalence was low and risk mitigations prominent. Partnership between audiences, event organisers and public health services, supported by information systems with real-time linked data, can improve health security for mass cultural events.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2024 |
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| Erschienen: |
2024 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:117 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine - 117(2024), 1 vom: 07. Jan., Seite 11-23 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
142M471B3J |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 14.02.2024 Date Revised 20.03.2024 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1177/01410768231182389 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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NLM358532884 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Burnside, Girvan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a COVID-19 risk mitigation in reopening mass cultural events |b population-based observational study for the UK Events Research Programme in Liverpool City Region |
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| 500 | |a Date Completed 14.02.2024 | ||
| 500 | |a Date Revised 20.03.2024 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a OBJECTIVES: To understand severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission risks, perceived risks and the feasibility of risk mitigations from experimental mass cultural events before coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) restrictions were lifted | ||
| 520 | |a DESIGN: Prospective, population-wide observational study | ||
| 520 | |a SETTING: Four events (two nightclubs, an outdoor music festival and a business conference) open to Liverpool City Region UK residents, requiring a negative lateral flow test (LFT) within the 36 h before the event, but not requiring social distancing or face-coverings | ||
| 520 | |a PARTICIPANTS: A total of 12,256 individuals attending one or more events between 28 April and 2 May 2021 | ||
| 520 | |a MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: SARS-CoV-2 infections detected using audience self-swabbed (5-7 days post-event) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, with viral genomic analysis of cases, plus linked National Health Service COVID-19 testing data. Audience experiences were gathered via questionnaires, focus groups and social media. Indoor CO2 concentrations were monitored | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: A total of 12 PCR-positive cases (likely 4 index, 8 primary or secondary), 10 from the nightclubs. Two further cases had positive LFTs but no PCR. A total of 11,896 (97.1%) participants with scanned tickets were matched to a negative pre-event LFT: 4972 (40.6%) returned a PCR within a week. CO2 concentrations showed areas for improving ventilation at the nightclubs. Population infection rates were low, yet with a concurrent outbreak of >50 linked cases around a local swimming pool without equivalent risk mitigations. Audience anxiety was low and enjoyment high | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSIONS: We observed minor SARS-CoV-2 transmission and low perceived risks around events when prevalence was low and risk mitigations prominent. Partnership between audiences, event organisers and public health services, supported by information systems with real-time linked data, can improve health security for mass cultural events | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Observational Study | |
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