Longitudinal and quantitative fecal shedding dynamics of SARS-CoV-2, pepper mild mottle virus, and crAssphage
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) emerged during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as a scalable and broadly applicable method for community-level monitoring of infectious disease burden. The lack of high-resolution fecal shedding data for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) limits our ability to link WBE measurements to disease burden. In this study, we present longitudinal, quantitative fecal shedding data for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, as well as for the commonly used fecal indicators pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) RNA and crAss-like phage (crAssphage) DNA. The shedding trajectories from 48 SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals suggest a highly individualized, dynamic course of SARS-CoV-2 RNA fecal shedding. Of the individuals that provided at least three stool samples spanning more than 14 days, 77% had one or more samples that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. We detected PMMoV RNA in at least one sample from all individuals and in 96% (352/367) of samples overall. CrAssphage DNA was detected in at least one sample from 80% (38/48) of individuals and was detected in 48% (179/371) of all samples. The geometric mean concentrations of PMMoV and crAssphage in stool across all individuals were 8.7 × 104 and 1.4 × 104 gene copies/milligram-dry weight, respectively, and crAssphage shedding was more consistent for individuals than PMMoV shedding. These results provide us with a missing link needed to connect laboratory WBE results with mechanistic models, and this will aid in more accurate estimates of COVID-19 burden in sewersheds. Additionally, the PMMoV and crAssphage data are critical for evaluating their utility as fecal strength normalizing measures and for source-tracking applications. IMPORTANCE This research represents a critical step in the advancement of wastewater monitoring for public health. To date, mechanistic materials balance modeling of wastewater-based epidemiology has relied on SARS-CoV-2 fecal shedding estimates from small-scale clinical reports or meta-analyses of research using a wide range of analytical methodologies. Additionally, previous SARS-CoV-2 fecal shedding data have not contained sufficient methodological information for building accurate materials balance models. Like SARS-CoV-2, fecal shedding of PMMoV and crAssphage has been understudied to date. The data presented here provide externally valid and longitudinal fecal shedding data for SARS-CoV-2, PMMoV, and crAssphage which can be directly applied to WBE models and ultimately increase the utility of WBE.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2023 |
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| Erschienen: |
2023 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:8 |
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| Enthalten in: |
mSphere - 8(2023), 4 vom: 24. Aug., Seite e0013223 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Arts, Peter J [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
CrAssphage |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 28.08.2023 Date Revised 22.02.2024 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1128/msphere.00132-23 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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NLM358397383 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Longitudinal and quantitative fecal shedding dynamics of SARS-CoV-2, pepper mild mottle virus, and crAssphage |
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| 520 | |a Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) emerged during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as a scalable and broadly applicable method for community-level monitoring of infectious disease burden. The lack of high-resolution fecal shedding data for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) limits our ability to link WBE measurements to disease burden. In this study, we present longitudinal, quantitative fecal shedding data for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, as well as for the commonly used fecal indicators pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) RNA and crAss-like phage (crAssphage) DNA. The shedding trajectories from 48 SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals suggest a highly individualized, dynamic course of SARS-CoV-2 RNA fecal shedding. Of the individuals that provided at least three stool samples spanning more than 14 days, 77% had one or more samples that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. We detected PMMoV RNA in at least one sample from all individuals and in 96% (352/367) of samples overall. CrAssphage DNA was detected in at least one sample from 80% (38/48) of individuals and was detected in 48% (179/371) of all samples. The geometric mean concentrations of PMMoV and crAssphage in stool across all individuals were 8.7 × 104 and 1.4 × 104 gene copies/milligram-dry weight, respectively, and crAssphage shedding was more consistent for individuals than PMMoV shedding. These results provide us with a missing link needed to connect laboratory WBE results with mechanistic models, and this will aid in more accurate estimates of COVID-19 burden in sewersheds. Additionally, the PMMoV and crAssphage data are critical for evaluating their utility as fecal strength normalizing measures and for source-tracking applications. IMPORTANCE This research represents a critical step in the advancement of wastewater monitoring for public health. To date, mechanistic materials balance modeling of wastewater-based epidemiology has relied on SARS-CoV-2 fecal shedding estimates from small-scale clinical reports or meta-analyses of research using a wide range of analytical methodologies. Additionally, previous SARS-CoV-2 fecal shedding data have not contained sufficient methodological information for building accurate materials balance models. Like SARS-CoV-2, fecal shedding of PMMoV and crAssphage has been understudied to date. The data presented here provide externally valid and longitudinal fecal shedding data for SARS-CoV-2, PMMoV, and crAssphage which can be directly applied to WBE models and ultimately increase the utility of WBE | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a crAssphage | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Midgley, Claire M |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Anglin, Khamal |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lu, Scott |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Abedi, Glen R |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Andino, Raul |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bakker, Kevin M |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Banman, Bryon |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Boehm, Alexandria B |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Briggs-Hagen, Melissa |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Brouwer, Andrew F |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Davidson, Michelle C |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Eisenberg, Marisa C |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Garcia-Knight, Miguel |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Knight, Sterling |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Peluso, Michael J |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Pineda-Ramirez, Jesus |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Diaz Sanchez, Ruth |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Saydah, Sharon |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Tassetto, Michel |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Martin, Jeffrey N |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wigginton, Krista R |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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