Association between long-term green space exposure and mortality in China : A difference-in-differences analysis of national data in 2000, 2010 and 2019
Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V..
BACKGROUND: Effects of green space on human health have been well-documented in western, high-income countries. Evidence for similar effects in China is limited. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms linking green space and mortality are yet to be established. We therefore conducted a nation-wide study to assess the association between green space and mortality in China using a difference-in-difference approach, which applied a causal framework and well controlled unmeasured confounding. In addition, we explored whether air pollution and air temperature could mediate the association.
METHODS: In this analysis, we collected data on all-cause mortality and sociodemographic characteristics for each county in China from the 2000 and 2010 censuses and the 2020 Statistical Yearbook. Green space exposure was assessed using county-level normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the percentage of green space (forest, grasslands, shrub land and wetland). We applied a difference-in-differences approach to evaluate the association between green space and mortality. We also performed mediation analysis (by air pollution and air temperature).
RESULTS: Our sample consisted of 2726 counties in 2000 and 2010 as well as 1432 counties in 2019. In the 2000 versus 2019 comparison, a 0.1 unit increase in NDVI was associated with a 2.4 % reduction in mortality [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.4-4.3 %], and a 10 % increase in percentage of green space was associated with a 4.7 % reduction (95 % CI 0-9.2 %) in mortality. PM2.5 and air temperature mediated 0.3 % to 12.3 % of the associations.
CONCLUSIONS: Living in greener counties may be associated with lower risk of mortality in China. These findings could indicate the potential of a population-level intervention to reduce mortality in China, which has important public health implications at the county level.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
|---|
| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2023 |
|---|---|
| Erschienen: |
2023 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:887 |
|---|---|
| Enthalten in: |
The Science of the total environment - 887(2023) vom: 20. Aug., Seite 164023 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
|---|
| Beteiligte Personen: |
Li, Cong-Cong [VerfasserIn] |
|---|
| Links: |
|---|
| Themen: |
Air Pollutants |
|---|
| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 14.06.2023 Date Revised 14.06.2023 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
|---|
| doi: |
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164023 |
|---|
| funding: |
|
|---|---|
| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
|
| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM356757021 |
|---|
| LEADER | 01000naa a22002652 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | NLM356757021 | ||
| 003 | DE-627 | ||
| 005 | 20231226071138.0 | ||
| 007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 231226s2023 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164023 |2 doi | |
| 028 | 5 | 2 | |a pubmed24n1189.xml |
| 035 | |a (DE-627)NLM356757021 | ||
| 035 | |a (NLM)37172852 | ||
| 035 | |a (PII)S0048-9697(23)02644-X | ||
| 040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | |a eng | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Li, Cong-Cong |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Association between long-term green space exposure and mortality in China |b A difference-in-differences analysis of national data in 2000, 2010 and 2019 |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2023 | |
| 336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a ƒaComputermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a ƒa Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Date Completed 14.06.2023 | ||
| 500 | |a Date Revised 14.06.2023 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V. | ||
| 520 | |a BACKGROUND: Effects of green space on human health have been well-documented in western, high-income countries. Evidence for similar effects in China is limited. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms linking green space and mortality are yet to be established. We therefore conducted a nation-wide study to assess the association between green space and mortality in China using a difference-in-difference approach, which applied a causal framework and well controlled unmeasured confounding. In addition, we explored whether air pollution and air temperature could mediate the association | ||
| 520 | |a METHODS: In this analysis, we collected data on all-cause mortality and sociodemographic characteristics for each county in China from the 2000 and 2010 censuses and the 2020 Statistical Yearbook. Green space exposure was assessed using county-level normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the percentage of green space (forest, grasslands, shrub land and wetland). We applied a difference-in-differences approach to evaluate the association between green space and mortality. We also performed mediation analysis (by air pollution and air temperature) | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: Our sample consisted of 2726 counties in 2000 and 2010 as well as 1432 counties in 2019. In the 2000 versus 2019 comparison, a 0.1 unit increase in NDVI was associated with a 2.4 % reduction in mortality [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.4-4.3 %], and a 10 % increase in percentage of green space was associated with a 4.7 % reduction (95 % CI 0-9.2 %) in mortality. PM2.5 and air temperature mediated 0.3 % to 12.3 % of the associations | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSIONS: Living in greener counties may be associated with lower risk of mortality in China. These findings could indicate the potential of a population-level intervention to reduce mortality in China, which has important public health implications at the county level | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a China | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Difference-in-differences analysis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Green space | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Greenness | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Mortality | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Particulate Matter |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Air Pollutants |2 NLM | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Du, Zhi-Cheng |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Fan, Shu-Jun |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Mute Browning, Matthew H E |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Knibbs, Luke D |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bloom, Michael S |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zhao, Tian-Yu |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Jalaludin, Bin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Heinrich, Joachim |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Liu, Xiao-Xuan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Li, Jia-Xin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zhang, Yi-Dan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hu, Li-Xin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Xiang, Ming-Deng |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chen, Gong-Bo |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wang, Qing |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Han, Chun-Lei |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Li, Shan-Shan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Guo, Yu-Ming |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Dadvand, Payam |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Dong, Guang-Hui |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zhang, Zhou-Bin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Yang, Bo-Yi |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t The Science of the total environment |d 1972 |g 887(2023) vom: 20. Aug., Seite 164023 |w (DE-627)NLM000215562 |x 1879-1026 |7 nnns |
| 773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:887 |g year:2023 |g day:20 |g month:08 |g pages:164023 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164023 |3 Volltext |
| 912 | |a GBV_USEFLAG_A | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_NLM | ||
| 951 | |a AR | ||
| 952 | |d 887 |j 2023 |b 20 |c 08 |h 164023 | ||