COVID-19 : Factors Associated with the Psychological Distress, Fear and Resilient Coping Strategies among Community Members in Saudi Arabia
(1) Background: COVID-19 caused the worst international public health crisis, accompanied by major global economic downturns and mass-scale job losses, which impacted the psychosocial wellbeing of the worldwide population, including Saudi Arabia. Evidence of the high-risk groups impacted by the pandemic has been non-existent in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study examined factors associated with psychosocial distress, fear of COVID-19 and coping strategies among the general population in Saudi Arabia. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in healthcare and community settings in the Saudi Arabia using an anonymous online questionnaire. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) were used to assess psychological distress, fear and coping strategies, respectively. Multivariate logistic regressions were used, and an Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) was reported. (3) Results: Among 803 participants, 70% (n = 556) were females, and the median age was 27 years; 35% (n = 278) were frontline or essential service workers; and 24% (n = 195) reported comorbid conditions including mental health illness. Of the respondents, 175 (21.8%) and 207 (25.8%) reported high and very high psychological distress, respectively. Factors associated with moderate to high levels of psychological distress were: youth, females, non-Saudi nationals, those experiencing a change in employment or a negative financial impact, having comorbidities, and current smoking. A high level of fear was reported by 89 participants (11.1%), and this was associated with being ex-smokers (3.72, 1.14-12.14, 0.029) and changes in employment (3.42, 1.91-6.11, 0.000). A high resilience was reported by 115 participants (14.3%), and 333 participants (41.5%) had medium resilience. Financial impact and contact with known/suspected cases (1.63, 1.12-2.38, 0.011) were associated with low, medium, to high resilient coping. (4) Conclusions: People in Saudi Arabia were at a higher risk of psychosocial distress along with medium-high resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, warranting urgent attention from healthcare providers and policymakers to provide specific mental health support strategies for their current wellbeing and to avoid a post-pandemic mental health crisis.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
|---|
| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2023 |
|---|---|
| Erschienen: |
2023 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:11 |
|---|---|
| Enthalten in: |
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) - 11(2023), 8 vom: 20. Apr. |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
|---|
| Beteiligte Personen: |
Alharbi, Talal Ali F [VerfasserIn] |
|---|
| Links: |
|---|
| Themen: |
COVID-19 |
|---|
| Anmerkungen: |
Date Revised 30.04.2023 published: Electronic Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE |
|---|
| doi: |
10.3390/healthcare11081184 |
|---|
| funding: |
|
|---|---|
| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
|
| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM356115933 |
|---|
| LEADER | 01000naa a22002652 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | NLM356115933 | ||
| 003 | DE-627 | ||
| 005 | 20231226065759.0 | ||
| 007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 231226s2023 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.3390/healthcare11081184 |2 doi | |
| 028 | 5 | 2 | |a pubmed24n1187.xml |
| 035 | |a (DE-627)NLM356115933 | ||
| 035 | |a (NLM)37108018 | ||
| 035 | |a (PII)1184 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | |a eng | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Alharbi, Talal Ali F |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a COVID-19 |b Factors Associated with the Psychological Distress, Fear and Resilient Coping Strategies among Community Members in Saudi Arabia |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2023 | |
| 336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a ƒaComputermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a ƒa Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Date Revised 30.04.2023 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a (1) Background: COVID-19 caused the worst international public health crisis, accompanied by major global economic downturns and mass-scale job losses, which impacted the psychosocial wellbeing of the worldwide population, including Saudi Arabia. Evidence of the high-risk groups impacted by the pandemic has been non-existent in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study examined factors associated with psychosocial distress, fear of COVID-19 and coping strategies among the general population in Saudi Arabia. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in healthcare and community settings in the Saudi Arabia using an anonymous online questionnaire. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) were used to assess psychological distress, fear and coping strategies, respectively. Multivariate logistic regressions were used, and an Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) was reported. (3) Results: Among 803 participants, 70% (n = 556) were females, and the median age was 27 years; 35% (n = 278) were frontline or essential service workers; and 24% (n = 195) reported comorbid conditions including mental health illness. Of the respondents, 175 (21.8%) and 207 (25.8%) reported high and very high psychological distress, respectively. Factors associated with moderate to high levels of psychological distress were: youth, females, non-Saudi nationals, those experiencing a change in employment or a negative financial impact, having comorbidities, and current smoking. A high level of fear was reported by 89 participants (11.1%), and this was associated with being ex-smokers (3.72, 1.14-12.14, 0.029) and changes in employment (3.42, 1.91-6.11, 0.000). A high resilience was reported by 115 participants (14.3%), and 333 participants (41.5%) had medium resilience. Financial impact and contact with known/suspected cases (1.63, 1.12-2.38, 0.011) were associated with low, medium, to high resilient coping. (4) Conclusions: People in Saudi Arabia were at a higher risk of psychosocial distress along with medium-high resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, warranting urgent attention from healthcare providers and policymakers to provide specific mental health support strategies for their current wellbeing and to avoid a post-pandemic mental health crisis | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a COVID-19 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a community | |
| 650 | 4 | |a coping | |
| 650 | 4 | |a mental health | |
| 650 | 4 | |a psychological distress | |
| 650 | 4 | |a resilience | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Alqurashi, Alaa Ashraf Bagader |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Mahmud, Ilias |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Alharbi, Rayan Jafnan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Almustanyir, Sami |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Maklad, Ahmed Essam |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a AlSarraj, Ahmad |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Mughaiss, Lujain Nedhal |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ahmed, Ahmed Ali |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Barry, Mazin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ghozy, Sherief |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Alabdan, Lulwah Ibrahim |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Alif, Sheikh M |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Sultana, Farhana |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Salehin, Masudus |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Banik, Biswajit |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Cross, Wendy |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Rahman, Muhammad Aziz |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) |d 2013 |g 11(2023), 8 vom: 20. Apr. |w (DE-627)NLM253742684 |x 2227-9032 |7 nnns |
| 773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:11 |g year:2023 |g number:8 |g day:20 |g month:04 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11081184 |3 Volltext |
| 912 | |a GBV_USEFLAG_A | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_NLM | ||
| 951 | |a AR | ||
| 952 | |d 11 |j 2023 |e 8 |b 20 |c 04 | ||