Mechanochemical upcycling of spent LiCoO2 to new LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 battery : An atom economy strategy
The use of strong acids and low atom efficiency in conventional hydrometallurgical recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) results in significant secondary wastes and CO2 emissions. Herein, we utilize the waste metal current collectors in spent LIBs to promote atom economy and reduce chemicals consumption in a conversion process of spent Li1-xCoO2 (LCO) → new LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) cathode. Mechanochemical activation is employed to achieve moderate valence reduction of transition metal oxides (Co3+→Co2+,3+) and efficient oxidation of current collector fragments (Al0→Al3+, Cu0→Cu1+,2+), and then due to stored internal energy from ball-milling, the leaching rates of Li, Co, Al, and Cu in the ≤4 mm crushed products uniformly approach 100% with just weak acetic acid. Instead of corrosive precipitation reagents, larger Al fragments (≥4 mm) are used to control the oxidation/reduction potential (ORP) in the aqueous leachate and induce the targeted removal of impurity ions (Cu, Fe). After the upcycling of NCA precursor solution to NCA cathode powders, we demonstrate excellent electrochemical performance of the regenerated NCA cathode and improved environmental impact. Through life cycle assessments, the profit margin of this green upcycling path reaches about 18%, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 45%.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2023 |
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| Erschienen: |
2023 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:120 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - 120(2023), 14 vom: 04. Apr., Seite e2217698120 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Yu, Jiadong [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Atom economy |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 31.03.2023 Date Revised 01.10.2023 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1073/pnas.2217698120 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM355010356 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Mechanochemical upcycling of spent LiCoO2 to new LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 battery |b An atom economy strategy |
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| 500 | |a Date Revised 01.10.2023 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a The use of strong acids and low atom efficiency in conventional hydrometallurgical recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) results in significant secondary wastes and CO2 emissions. Herein, we utilize the waste metal current collectors in spent LIBs to promote atom economy and reduce chemicals consumption in a conversion process of spent Li1-xCoO2 (LCO) → new LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) cathode. Mechanochemical activation is employed to achieve moderate valence reduction of transition metal oxides (Co3+→Co2+,3+) and efficient oxidation of current collector fragments (Al0→Al3+, Cu0→Cu1+,2+), and then due to stored internal energy from ball-milling, the leaching rates of Li, Co, Al, and Cu in the ≤4 mm crushed products uniformly approach 100% with just weak acetic acid. Instead of corrosive precipitation reagents, larger Al fragments (≥4 mm) are used to control the oxidation/reduction potential (ORP) in the aqueous leachate and induce the targeted removal of impurity ions (Cu, Fe). After the upcycling of NCA precursor solution to NCA cathode powders, we demonstrate excellent electrochemical performance of the regenerated NCA cathode and improved environmental impact. Through life cycle assessments, the profit margin of this green upcycling path reaches about 18%, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 45% | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a atom economy | |
| 650 | 4 | |a circular economy | |
| 650 | 4 | |a e-waste | |
| 650 | 4 | |a recycling | |
| 650 | 4 | |a spent lithium-ion batteries | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Li, Ju |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zhang, Shang |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wei, Fan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Liu, Yanjun |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Li, Jinhui |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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