Development and Validation of a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for Determining Acaricides in Bee Pollen
Pesticides can be found in beehives for several reasons, including contamination from surrounding crops or for their use by beekeepers, which poses a risk to bee ecosystems and consumers. Therefore, efficient and sensitive methods are needed for determining pesticide residues in bee products. In this study, a new analytical method has been developed and validated to determine seven acaricides (atrazine, chlorpyrifos, chlorfenvinphos, α-endosulfan, bromopropylate, coumaphos, and τ-fluvalinate) in bee pollen using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. After an optimization study, the best sample treatment was obtained when using a modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) method employing an ethyl acetate and cyclohexane as the extractant mixture, and a mixture of salts for the clean-up step. A chromatographic analysis (<21 min) was performed in an Agilent DB-5MS column, and it was operated under programmed temperature conditions. The method was fully validated in terms of selectivity, limits of detection (0.2-3.1 µg kg-1) and quantification (0.6-9.7 µg kg-1), linearity, matrix effect (<20% in all cases), trueness (recoveries between 80% and 108%), and precision. Finally, the proposed method was applied to analyze commercial bee pollen samples, and some of the target pesticides (chlorfenvinphos, α-endosulfan, coumaphos, and τ-fluvalinate) were detected.
Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
---|
Erscheinungsjahr: |
2023 |
---|---|
Erschienen: |
2023 |
Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:28 |
---|---|
Enthalten in: |
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) - 28(2023), 6 vom: 09. März |
Sprache: |
Englisch |
---|
Beteiligte Personen: |
Fuente-Ballesteros, Adrián [VerfasserIn] |
---|
Links: |
---|
Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 30.03.2023 Date Revised 31.03.2023 published: Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
---|
doi: |
10.3390/molecules28062497 |
---|
funding: |
|
---|---|
Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
|
PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM354904337 |
---|
LEADER | 01000naa a22002652 4500 | ||
---|---|---|---|
001 | NLM354904337 | ||
003 | DE-627 | ||
005 | 20231226063222.0 | ||
007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
008 | 231226s2023 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c | ||
024 | 7 | |a 10.3390/molecules28062497 |2 doi | |
028 | 5 | 2 | |a pubmed24n1182.xml |
035 | |a (DE-627)NLM354904337 | ||
035 | |a (NLM)36985469 | ||
035 | |a (PII)2497 | ||
040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rakwb | ||
041 | |a eng | ||
100 | 1 | |a Fuente-Ballesteros, Adrián |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Development and Validation of a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for Determining Acaricides in Bee Pollen |
264 | 1 | |c 2023 | |
336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |a ƒaComputermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |a ƒa Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
500 | |a Date Completed 30.03.2023 | ||
500 | |a Date Revised 31.03.2023 | ||
500 | |a published: Electronic | ||
500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
520 | |a Pesticides can be found in beehives for several reasons, including contamination from surrounding crops or for their use by beekeepers, which poses a risk to bee ecosystems and consumers. Therefore, efficient and sensitive methods are needed for determining pesticide residues in bee products. In this study, a new analytical method has been developed and validated to determine seven acaricides (atrazine, chlorpyrifos, chlorfenvinphos, α-endosulfan, bromopropylate, coumaphos, and τ-fluvalinate) in bee pollen using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. After an optimization study, the best sample treatment was obtained when using a modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) method employing an ethyl acetate and cyclohexane as the extractant mixture, and a mixture of salts for the clean-up step. A chromatographic analysis (<21 min) was performed in an Agilent DB-5MS column, and it was operated under programmed temperature conditions. The method was fully validated in terms of selectivity, limits of detection (0.2-3.1 µg kg-1) and quantification (0.6-9.7 µg kg-1), linearity, matrix effect (<20% in all cases), trueness (recoveries between 80% and 108%), and precision. Finally, the proposed method was applied to analyze commercial bee pollen samples, and some of the target pesticides (chlorfenvinphos, α-endosulfan, coumaphos, and τ-fluvalinate) were detected | ||
650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
650 | 4 | |a QuEChERS | |
650 | 4 | |a acaricides | |
650 | 4 | |a bee pollen | |
650 | 4 | |a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry | |
650 | 4 | |a method validation | |
650 | 4 | |a sample treatment | |
650 | 7 | |a fluvalinate |2 NLM | |
650 | 7 | |a 364G5G03VC |2 NLM | |
650 | 7 | |a Acaricides |2 NLM | |
650 | 7 | |a Coumaphos |2 NLM | |
650 | 7 | |a L08SZ5Z5JC |2 NLM | |
650 | 7 | |a Chlorfenvinphos |2 NLM | |
650 | 7 | |a F2G9XS1W91 |2 NLM | |
650 | 7 | |a Endosulfan |2 NLM | |
650 | 7 | |a OKA6A6ZD4K |2 NLM | |
650 | 7 | |a Pesticides |2 NLM | |
650 | 7 | |a Pesticide Residues |2 NLM | |
700 | 1 | |a Augé, Camille |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Bernal, José |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Ares, Ana M |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) |d 2004 |g 28(2023), 6 vom: 09. März |w (DE-627)NLM172073448 |x 1420-3049 |7 nnns |
773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:28 |g year:2023 |g number:6 |g day:09 |g month:03 |
856 | 4 | 0 | |u http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062497 |3 Volltext |
912 | |a GBV_USEFLAG_A | ||
912 | |a GBV_NLM | ||
951 | |a AR | ||
952 | |d 28 |j 2023 |e 6 |b 09 |c 03 |