Novel Pectic Polysaccharides Isolated from Immature Honey Pomelo Fruit with High Immunomodulatory Activity
A novel pectic polysaccharide (HPP-1) with high immunomodulatory activity was extracted and isolated from the immature honey pomelo fruit (Citrus grandis). Characterization of its chemical structure indicated that HPP-1 had a molecular weight of 59,024 D. In addition, HPP-1 was primarily composed of rhamnose, arabinose, fucose, mannose, and galactose at a molar ratio of 1.00:11.12:2.26:0.56:6.40. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, periodic acid oxidation, and Smith degradation results showed that HPP-1 had α- and β-glycosidic linkages and 1 → 2, 1 → 4, 1 → 6, and 1 → 3 glycosidic bonds. 13C NMR and 1H NMR analyses revealed that the main glycogroups included 1,4-D-GalA, 1,6-β-D-Gal, 1,6-β-D-Man, 1,3-α-L-Ara, and 1,2-α-L-Rha. Immunomodulatory bioactivity analysis using a macrophage RAW264.7 model in vitro revealed that NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 secretions were all considerably increased by HPP-1. Moreover, RT-PCR results showed that HPP-1-induced iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression was significantly increased in macrophages. HPP-1-mediated activation in macrophages was due to the stimulation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways based on western blot analyses. HPP-1 extracted from immature honey pomelo fruit has potential applications as an immunomodulatory supplement.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2022 |
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| Erschienen: |
2022 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:27 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) - 27(2022), 23 vom: 05. Dez. |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Hou, Tao [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 16.12.2022 Date Revised 21.12.2022 published: Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.3390/molecules27238573 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| 520 | |a A novel pectic polysaccharide (HPP-1) with high immunomodulatory activity was extracted and isolated from the immature honey pomelo fruit (Citrus grandis). Characterization of its chemical structure indicated that HPP-1 had a molecular weight of 59,024 D. In addition, HPP-1 was primarily composed of rhamnose, arabinose, fucose, mannose, and galactose at a molar ratio of 1.00:11.12:2.26:0.56:6.40. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, periodic acid oxidation, and Smith degradation results showed that HPP-1 had α- and β-glycosidic linkages and 1 → 2, 1 → 4, 1 → 6, and 1 → 3 glycosidic bonds. 13C NMR and 1H NMR analyses revealed that the main glycogroups included 1,4-D-GalA, 1,6-β-D-Gal, 1,6-β-D-Man, 1,3-α-L-Ara, and 1,2-α-L-Rha. Immunomodulatory bioactivity analysis using a macrophage RAW264.7 model in vitro revealed that NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 secretions were all considerably increased by HPP-1. Moreover, RT-PCR results showed that HPP-1-induced iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression was significantly increased in macrophages. HPP-1-mediated activation in macrophages was due to the stimulation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways based on western blot analyses. HPP-1 extracted from immature honey pomelo fruit has potential applications as an immunomodulatory supplement | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a immature honey pomelo fruit | |
| 650 | 4 | |a immunomodulatory activity and mechanism | |
| 650 | 4 | |a pectic polysaccharides | |
| 650 | 4 | |a structural characterization | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Guo, Shenglan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Liu, Zhuokun |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lin, Hongyu |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Song, Yu |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Li, Qiqi |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Mao, Xin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wang, Wencan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Cao, Yong |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Liu, Guo |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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