Distribution of flame retardants among indoor dust, airborne particles and vapour phase from Beijing : spatial-temporal variation and human exposure characteristics
Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved..
The occurrence and distribution of 10 brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and 10 organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) were investigated in indoor dust, total suspended particles (TSP), and vapour phase from offices (n = 10), homes (n = 9), and day-care centres (n = 10) in Beijing, China. Three types of samples were collected biweekly from one office and one home over a year to examine temporal trends. BFRs in dust significantly correlated with those in TSP, while OPFRs significantly correlated among all three matrices. In addition, BFRs in dust (ng/g) and TSP (pg/m3) exhibited similar temporal trends with higher levels in the cold season, whereas OPFRs in TSP and vapour phase (pg/m3) showed similar temporal trends with higher levels in the warm season. The geometric mean concentrations of BFRs and OPFRs in the three matrices from the above mentioned three types of indoor microenvironments were used for exposure and health risk estimation, and ∑7OPFRs showed much higher hazard index (HI) values than ∑10BFRs for all subpopulations, and inhalation of OPFRs was a major risk source. With the volatility of flame retardants (FRs) decreasing, the contribution of dust ingestion and dermal absorption showed an increasing trend, and the contribution of inhalation exhibited a gradual decreasing trend, which implied the dominant exposure pathway to FRs is strongly related to the vapour pressure (25 °C, Pa) of these substances. Using a single type of microenvironment or the collection of samples at a single point in time can lead to overestimation or underestimation of overall exposure and risk for people to some extent. The correlations of FRs in dust, TSP, and vapour phase from indoor microenvironments, as well as their temporal trends were first reported in this study, which will provide a basis for more accurate FR exposure assessments in the future.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2022 |
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| Erschienen: |
2022 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:170 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Environment international - 170(2022) vom: 03. Dez., Seite 107557 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Zhang, Yacai [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Dust |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 15.12.2022 Date Revised 20.12.2022 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1016/j.envint.2022.107557 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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NLM347248721 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Distribution of flame retardants among indoor dust, airborne particles and vapour phase from Beijing |b spatial-temporal variation and human exposure characteristics |
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| 520 | |a Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. | ||
| 520 | |a The occurrence and distribution of 10 brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and 10 organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) were investigated in indoor dust, total suspended particles (TSP), and vapour phase from offices (n = 10), homes (n = 9), and day-care centres (n = 10) in Beijing, China. Three types of samples were collected biweekly from one office and one home over a year to examine temporal trends. BFRs in dust significantly correlated with those in TSP, while OPFRs significantly correlated among all three matrices. In addition, BFRs in dust (ng/g) and TSP (pg/m3) exhibited similar temporal trends with higher levels in the cold season, whereas OPFRs in TSP and vapour phase (pg/m3) showed similar temporal trends with higher levels in the warm season. The geometric mean concentrations of BFRs and OPFRs in the three matrices from the above mentioned three types of indoor microenvironments were used for exposure and health risk estimation, and ∑7OPFRs showed much higher hazard index (HI) values than ∑10BFRs for all subpopulations, and inhalation of OPFRs was a major risk source. With the volatility of flame retardants (FRs) decreasing, the contribution of dust ingestion and dermal absorption showed an increasing trend, and the contribution of inhalation exhibited a gradual decreasing trend, which implied the dominant exposure pathway to FRs is strongly related to the vapour pressure (25 °C, Pa) of these substances. Using a single type of microenvironment or the collection of samples at a single point in time can lead to overestimation or underestimation of overall exposure and risk for people to some extent. The correlations of FRs in dust, TSP, and vapour phase from indoor microenvironments, as well as their temporal trends were first reported in this study, which will provide a basis for more accurate FR exposure assessments in the future | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Exposure patterns | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Flame retardants | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Health risk assessment | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Multi-matrix | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Spatial and temporal variation | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Flame Retardants |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Dust |2 NLM | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wu, Min |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Xu, Menghan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hu, Pengtuan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Xu, Xin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Liu, Xiaotu |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Cai, Wenwen |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Xia, Jing |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wu, Dongkui |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Xu, Xiaopeng |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Yu, Gang |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Cao, Zhiguo |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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