Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Is Associated With Increased Rates of Childhood Infectious Diseases : A Population-Based Case-Control Study
Copyright © 2022 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved..
OBJECTIVE: Infectious diseases (IDs) pose a heavy burden on children. An association between pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and specific IDs has been documented. Our objective was to test the possibility that ADHD is associated with increased likelihood for pediatric IDs at large.
METHOD: A population-based case-control study was conducted using Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) of a national Health Maintenance Organization, Leumit Health Services (LHS). ICD-9/10 criteria were used for all diagnoses. The study population consisted of all children and adolescents (aged 5-18 years), members of LHS between January 1, 2006-June 30, 2021. Case patients met International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9/10) criteria for ADHD. Controls included randomly selected persons without ADHD (2:1 ratio), matched individually by demographic indices. The EMRs retrieved 3 exposure categories: pediatric ID, anti-infective medications use, and number of physician visits. The study was approved by the review board of Shamir Medical Center and the Research Committee of LHS.
RESULTS: Cases patients comprised 18,756 participants, with a mean age of 8.3 ± 2.6 years and a male/female ratio of 63%:37%. Matched controls comprised 37,512 participants, with a mean age of 8.3 ± 2.6 years and a male/female ratio of 63%:37%. Demographic variables were similar between the groups. The rates of all IDs were significantly higher in participants with ADHD than in controls and were not restricted to a single body system, including acute respiratory infection (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.3-1.4, p < .001), acute gastroenteritis (OR = 1.3,95% CI 1.3-1.4, p < .001), salmonellosis (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 2.3-3.5, p < .001), and urinary tract infection (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.2-1.4, p < .001). All anti-infective agents were prescribed significantly more often to children with ADHD. There were significantly higher rates of physician visits for participants with ADHD.
CONCLUSION: Study findings suggest an association between ID and pediatric ADHD Health care providers should be aware of this potential association.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION: The Health and Economic Impact of Treated and Untreated ADHD; https://www.shamir.org/; 005-18-LEU.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2023 |
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| Erschienen: |
2023 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:62 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - 62(2023), 2 vom: 25. Feb., Seite 253-260.e1 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Merzon, Eugene [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
ADHD |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 02.02.2023 Date Revised 14.02.2023 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1016/j.jaac.2022.06.018 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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NLM345262212 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Merzon, Eugene |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Is Associated With Increased Rates of Childhood Infectious Diseases |b A Population-Based Case-Control Study |
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| 500 | |a Date Completed 02.02.2023 | ||
| 500 | |a Date Revised 14.02.2023 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a Copyright © 2022 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. | ||
| 520 | |a OBJECTIVE: Infectious diseases (IDs) pose a heavy burden on children. An association between pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and specific IDs has been documented. Our objective was to test the possibility that ADHD is associated with increased likelihood for pediatric IDs at large | ||
| 520 | |a METHOD: A population-based case-control study was conducted using Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) of a national Health Maintenance Organization, Leumit Health Services (LHS). ICD-9/10 criteria were used for all diagnoses. The study population consisted of all children and adolescents (aged 5-18 years), members of LHS between January 1, 2006-June 30, 2021. Case patients met International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9/10) criteria for ADHD. Controls included randomly selected persons without ADHD (2:1 ratio), matched individually by demographic indices. The EMRs retrieved 3 exposure categories: pediatric ID, anti-infective medications use, and number of physician visits. The study was approved by the review board of Shamir Medical Center and the Research Committee of LHS | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: Cases patients comprised 18,756 participants, with a mean age of 8.3 ± 2.6 years and a male/female ratio of 63%:37%. Matched controls comprised 37,512 participants, with a mean age of 8.3 ± 2.6 years and a male/female ratio of 63%:37%. Demographic variables were similar between the groups. The rates of all IDs were significantly higher in participants with ADHD than in controls and were not restricted to a single body system, including acute respiratory infection (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.3-1.4, p < .001), acute gastroenteritis (OR = 1.3,95% CI 1.3-1.4, p < .001), salmonellosis (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 2.3-3.5, p < .001), and urinary tract infection (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.2-1.4, p < .001). All anti-infective agents were prescribed significantly more often to children with ADHD. There were significantly higher rates of physician visits for participants with ADHD | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSION: Study findings suggest an association between ID and pediatric ADHD Health care providers should be aware of this potential association | ||
| 520 | |a CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION: The Health and Economic Impact of Treated and Untreated ADHD; https://www.shamir.org/; 005-18-LEU | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural | |
| 650 | 4 | |a ADHD | |
| 650 | 4 | |a infections | |
| 650 | 4 | |a public health | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Israel, Ariel |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ashkenazi, Shai |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Rotem, Ann |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Schneider, Tzipporah |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Faraone, Stephen V |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Biederman, Joseph |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Green, Ilan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Golan-Cohen, Avivit |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Vinker, Shlomo |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Weizman, Abraham |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Manor, Iris |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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