Predictors of "brain fog" 1 year after COVID-19 disease
© 2022. Fondazione Società Italiana di Neurologia..
INTRODUCTION: Brain fog has been described up to 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 infection, notwithstanding the underlying mechanisms are still poorly investigated. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of cognitive complaints at 1-year follow-up and to identify the factors related to persistent brain fog in COVID-19 patients.
METHODS: Out of 246 COVID patients, hospitalized from March 1st to May 31st, a sample of 137 patients accepted to be evaluated at 1 year from discharge, through a full clinical, neurological, and psychological examination, including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), impact of event scale-revised (IES-R), Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS), Zung self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), and fatigue severity scale (FSS). Subjects with prior cognitive impairment and/or psychiatric disorders were excluded.
RESULTS: Patients with cognitive disorders exhibited lower MoCA score (22.9 ± 4.3 vs. 26.3 ± 3.1, p = 0.002) and higher IES-R score (33.7 ± 18.5 vs. 26.4 ± 16.3, p = 0.050), SDS score (40.9 ± 6.5 vs. 35.5 ± 8.6, p = 0.004), and fatigue severity scale score (33.6 ± 16.1 vs. 23.7 ± 12.5, p = 0.001), compared to patients without cognitive complaints. Logistic regression showed a significant correlation between brain fog and the self-rating depression scale values (p = 0.020), adjusted for age (p = 0.445), sex (p = 0.178), premorbid Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) (p = 0.288), COVID-19 severity (BCRSS) (p = 0.964), education level (p = 0.784) and MoCA score (p = 0.909).
CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed depression as the strongest predictor of persistent brain fog, adjusting for demographic and clinical variables. Wider longitudinal studies are warranted to better explain cognitive difficulties after COVID-19.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2022 |
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| Erschienen: |
2022 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:43 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology - 43(2022), 10 vom: 05. Okt., Seite 5795-5797 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Cristillo, Viviana [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Brain fog |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 16.09.2022 Date Revised 16.09.2022 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1007/s10072-022-06285-4 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM344496635 |
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| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
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| 520 | |a © 2022. Fondazione Società Italiana di Neurologia. | ||
| 520 | |a INTRODUCTION: Brain fog has been described up to 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 infection, notwithstanding the underlying mechanisms are still poorly investigated. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of cognitive complaints at 1-year follow-up and to identify the factors related to persistent brain fog in COVID-19 patients | ||
| 520 | |a METHODS: Out of 246 COVID patients, hospitalized from March 1st to May 31st, a sample of 137 patients accepted to be evaluated at 1 year from discharge, through a full clinical, neurological, and psychological examination, including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), impact of event scale-revised (IES-R), Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS), Zung self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), and fatigue severity scale (FSS). Subjects with prior cognitive impairment and/or psychiatric disorders were excluded | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: Patients with cognitive disorders exhibited lower MoCA score (22.9 ± 4.3 vs. 26.3 ± 3.1, p = 0.002) and higher IES-R score (33.7 ± 18.5 vs. 26.4 ± 16.3, p = 0.050), SDS score (40.9 ± 6.5 vs. 35.5 ± 8.6, p = 0.004), and fatigue severity scale score (33.6 ± 16.1 vs. 23.7 ± 12.5, p = 0.001), compared to patients without cognitive complaints. Logistic regression showed a significant correlation between brain fog and the self-rating depression scale values (p = 0.020), adjusted for age (p = 0.445), sex (p = 0.178), premorbid Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) (p = 0.288), COVID-19 severity (BCRSS) (p = 0.964), education level (p = 0.784) and MoCA score (p = 0.909) | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed depression as the strongest predictor of persistent brain fog, adjusting for demographic and clinical variables. Wider longitudinal studies are warranted to better explain cognitive difficulties after COVID-19 | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Brain fog | |
| 650 | 4 | |a COVID-19 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Cognitive difficulties | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Long COVID | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Neurology | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Pilotto, Andrea |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Piccinelli, Stefano Cotti |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gipponi, Stefano |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Leonardi, Matilde |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bezzi, Michela |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Padovani, Alessandro |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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