Estimated Number of People Who Inject Drugs in the United States
© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissionsoup.com..
BACKGROUND: Public health data signal increases in the number of people who inject drugs (PWID) in the United States during the past decade. An updated PWID population size estimate is critical for informing interventions and policies aiming to reduce injection-associated infections and overdose, as well as to provide a baseline for assessments of pandemic-related changes in injection drug use.
METHODS: We used a modified multiplier approach to estimate the number of adults who injected drugs in the United States in 2018. We deduced the estimated number of nonfatal overdose events among PWID from 2 of our previously published estimates: the number of injection-involved overdose deaths and the meta-analyzed ratio of nonfatal to fatal overdose. The number of nonfatal overdose events was divided by prevalence of nonfatal overdose among current PWID for a population size estimate.
RESULTS: There were an estimated 3 694 500 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1 872 700-7 273 300) PWID in the United States in 2018, representing 1.46% (95% CI, .74-2.87) of the adult population. The estimated prevalence of injection drug use was highest among males (2.1%; 95% CI, 1.1-4.2), non-Hispanic Whites (1.8%; 95% CI, .9-3.6), and adults aged 18-39 years (1.8%; 95% CI, .9-3.6).
CONCLUSIONS: Using transparent, replicable methods and largely publicly available data, we provide the first update to the number of people who inject drugs in the United States in nearly 10 years. Findings suggest the population size of PWID has substantially grown in the past decade and that prevention services for PWID should be proportionally increased.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
|---|
| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2023 |
|---|---|
| Erschienen: |
2023 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:76 |
|---|---|
| Enthalten in: |
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America - 76(2023), 1 vom: 06. Jan., Seite 96-102 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
|---|
| Beteiligte Personen: |
Bradley, Heather [VerfasserIn] |
|---|
| Links: |
|---|
| Themen: |
Drug overdose |
|---|
| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 08.02.2023 Date Revised 07.07.2023 published: Print Citation Status MEDLINE |
|---|
| doi: |
10.1093/cid/ciac543 |
|---|
| funding: |
|
|---|---|
| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
|
| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM343119021 |
|---|
| LEADER | 01000naa a22002652 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | NLM343119021 | ||
| 003 | DE-627 | ||
| 005 | 20231226015704.0 | ||
| 007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 231226s2023 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.1093/cid/ciac543 |2 doi | |
| 028 | 5 | 2 | |a pubmed24n1143.xml |
| 035 | |a (DE-627)NLM343119021 | ||
| 035 | |a (NLM)35791261 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | |a eng | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Bradley, Heather |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Estimated Number of People Who Inject Drugs in the United States |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2023 | |
| 336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a ƒaComputermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a ƒa Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Date Completed 08.02.2023 | ||
| 500 | |a Date Revised 07.07.2023 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissionsoup.com. | ||
| 520 | |a BACKGROUND: Public health data signal increases in the number of people who inject drugs (PWID) in the United States during the past decade. An updated PWID population size estimate is critical for informing interventions and policies aiming to reduce injection-associated infections and overdose, as well as to provide a baseline for assessments of pandemic-related changes in injection drug use | ||
| 520 | |a METHODS: We used a modified multiplier approach to estimate the number of adults who injected drugs in the United States in 2018. We deduced the estimated number of nonfatal overdose events among PWID from 2 of our previously published estimates: the number of injection-involved overdose deaths and the meta-analyzed ratio of nonfatal to fatal overdose. The number of nonfatal overdose events was divided by prevalence of nonfatal overdose among current PWID for a population size estimate | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: There were an estimated 3 694 500 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1 872 700-7 273 300) PWID in the United States in 2018, representing 1.46% (95% CI, .74-2.87) of the adult population. The estimated prevalence of injection drug use was highest among males (2.1%; 95% CI, 1.1-4.2), non-Hispanic Whites (1.8%; 95% CI, .9-3.6), and adults aged 18-39 years (1.8%; 95% CI, .9-3.6) | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSIONS: Using transparent, replicable methods and largely publicly available data, we provide the first update to the number of people who inject drugs in the United States in nearly 10 years. Findings suggest the population size of PWID has substantially grown in the past decade and that prevention services for PWID should be proportionally increased | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. | |
| 650 | 4 | |a HIV | |
| 650 | 4 | |a drug overdose | |
| 650 | 4 | |a hepatitis C virus | |
| 650 | 4 | |a injection drug use | |
| 650 | 4 | |a people who inject drugs | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hall, Eric W |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Asher, Alice |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Furukawa, Nathan W |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Jones, Christopher M |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Shealey, Jalissa |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Buchacz, Kate |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Handanagic, Senad |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Crepaz, Nicole |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Rosenberg, Eli S |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America |d 1992 |g 76(2023), 1 vom: 06. Jan., Seite 96-102 |w (DE-627)NLM012603007 |x 1537-6591 |7 nnns |
| 773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:76 |g year:2023 |g number:1 |g day:06 |g month:01 |g pages:96-102 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac543 |3 Volltext |
| 912 | |a GBV_USEFLAG_A | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_NLM | ||
| 951 | |a AR | ||
| 952 | |d 76 |j 2023 |e 1 |b 06 |c 01 |h 96-102 | ||