Gender-related factors and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence in women and men : analysis of a population-based cohort study in the Netherlands
© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ..
BACKGROUND: The incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) differs consistently between women and men. Besides sex-related (biological) factors, OHCA risk may relate to gender-related (sociocultural) factors. We explored the association of selected gender-related factors with OHCA incidence in women and men.
METHODS: We combined data on emergency medical services-attended OHCA with individual-level data from all women and men aged ≥25 years living in North Holland, the Netherlands. We estimated the associations between employment status, primary earner status, living with children and marital status and the OHCA incidence with Cox proportional hazards models stratified by sex and adjusted for age and socioeconomic status. To determine if metabolic factors explain the associations, we added hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia to the models. Population attributable fractions (PAF) for all gender-related factors were calculated.
RESULTS: All four gender-related factors were associated with OHCA incidence (eg, unemployed vs employed; HR 1.98, 95% CI 1.67 to 2.35 in women; HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.44 to 1.79 in men). In both sexes, those unemployed, those who are not primary earners, those living without children, and married or divorced individuals had an increased OHCA risk. The PAF ranged from 4.9 to 40.3 in women and from 4.4 to 15.5 in men, with the highest PAF for employment status in both sexes. Metabolic risk factors did not explain the observed associations.
CONCLUSION: Gender-related factors were associated with risk of OHCA and contributed substantially to the OHCA burden at the population level, particularly in women. Employment status contributed most to the OHCA burden.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2022 |
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| Erschienen: |
2022 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:76 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Journal of epidemiology and community health - 76(2022), 9 vom: 01. Sept., Seite 800-808 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Smits, Robin L A [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 12.08.2022 Date Revised 29.09.2022 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1136/jech-2021-218329 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM342986864 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Smits, Robin L A |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Gender-related factors and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence in women and men |b analysis of a population-based cohort study in the Netherlands |
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| 500 | |a Date Revised 29.09.2022 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. | ||
| 520 | |a BACKGROUND: The incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) differs consistently between women and men. Besides sex-related (biological) factors, OHCA risk may relate to gender-related (sociocultural) factors. We explored the association of selected gender-related factors with OHCA incidence in women and men | ||
| 520 | |a METHODS: We combined data on emergency medical services-attended OHCA with individual-level data from all women and men aged ≥25 years living in North Holland, the Netherlands. We estimated the associations between employment status, primary earner status, living with children and marital status and the OHCA incidence with Cox proportional hazards models stratified by sex and adjusted for age and socioeconomic status. To determine if metabolic factors explain the associations, we added hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia to the models. Population attributable fractions (PAF) for all gender-related factors were calculated | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: All four gender-related factors were associated with OHCA incidence (eg, unemployed vs employed; HR 1.98, 95% CI 1.67 to 2.35 in women; HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.44 to 1.79 in men). In both sexes, those unemployed, those who are not primary earners, those living without children, and married or divorced individuals had an increased OHCA risk. The PAF ranged from 4.9 to 40.3 in women and from 4.4 to 15.5 in men, with the highest PAF for employment status in both sexes. Metabolic risk factors did not explain the observed associations | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSION: Gender-related factors were associated with risk of OHCA and contributed substantially to the OHCA burden at the population level, particularly in women. Employment status contributed most to the OHCA burden | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | |
| 650 | 4 | |a CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES | |
| 650 | 4 | |a EMPLOYMENT | |
| 650 | 4 | |a EPIDEMIOLOGY | |
| 650 | 4 | |a MARITAL STATUS | |
| 650 | 4 | |a PUBLIC HEALTH | |
| 700 | 1 | |a van Dongen, Laura H |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Blom, Marieke T |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Tan, Hanno L |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a van Valkengoed, Irene G M |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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