Non-Invasive O-Toluidine Monitoring during Regional Anaesthesia with Prilocaine and Detection of Accidental Intravenous Injection in an Animal Model
Regional anaesthesia is well established as a standard method in clinical practice. Currently, the local anaesthetics of amino-amide types such as prilocaine are frequently used. Despite routine use, complications due to overdose or accidental intravenous injection can arise. A non-invasive method that can indicate such complications early would be desirable. Breath gas analysis offers great potential for the non-invasive monitoring of drugs and their volatile metabolites. The physicochemical properties of o-toluidine, the main metabolite of prilocaine, allow its detection in breath gas. Within this study, we investigated whether o-toluidine can be monitored in exhaled breath during regional anaesthesia in an animal model, if correlations between o-toluidine and prilocaine blood levels exist and if accidental intravenous injections are detectable by o-toluidine breath monitoring. Continuous o-toluidine monitoring was possible during regional anaesthesia of the cervical plexus and during simulated accidental intravenous injection of prilocaine. The time course of exhaled o-toluidine concentrations considerably differed depending on the injection site. Intravenous injection led to an immediate increase in exhaled o-toluidine concentrations within 2 min, earlier peak and higher maximum concentrations, followed by a faster decay compared to regional anaesthesia. The strength of correlation of blood and breath parameters depended on the injection site. In conclusion, real time monitoring of o-toluidine in breath gas is possible by means of PTR-ToF-MS. Since simulated accidental intravenous injection led to an immediate increase in exhaled o-toluidine concentrations within 2 min and higher maximum concentrations, monitoring exhaled o-toluidine may potentially be applied for the non-invasive real-time detection of accidental intravenous injection of prilocaine.
Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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Erscheinungsjahr: |
2022 |
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Erschienen: |
2022 |
Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:12 |
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Enthalten in: |
Metabolites - 12(2022), 6 vom: 31. Mai |
Sprache: |
Englisch |
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Beteiligte Personen: |
Brock, Beate [VerfasserIn] |
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Links: |
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Themen: |
Breath gas analysis |
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Anmerkungen: |
Date Revised 16.07.2022 published: Electronic Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE |
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doi: |
10.3390/metabo12060502 |
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funding: |
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Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM342575716 |
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