Investigation of a COVID-19 outbreak on the Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier, March to April 2020 : a retrospective cohort study
BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 emergence was a threat for armed forces. A COVID-19 outbreak occurred on the French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle from mid-March to mid-April 2020.AimTo understand how the virus was introduced, circulated then stopped circulation, risk factors for infection and severity, and effectiveness of preventive measures.MethodsWe considered the entire crew as a cohort and collected personal, clinical, biological, and epidemiological data. We performed viral genome sequencing and searched for SARS-CoV-2 in the environment.ResultsThe attack rate was 65% (1,148/1,767); 1,568 (89%) were included. The male:female ratio was 6.9, and median age was 29 years (IQR: 24-36). We examined four clinical profiles: asymptomatic (13.0%), non-specific symptomatic (8.1%), specific symptomatic (76.3%), and severe (i.e. requiring oxygen therapy, 2.6%). Active smoking was not associated with severe COVID-19; age and obesity were risk factors. The instantaneous reproduction rate (Rt) and viral sequencing suggested several introductions of the virus with 4 of 5 introduced strains from within France, with an acceleration of Rt when lifting preventive measures. Physical distancing prevented infection (adjusted OR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.40-0.76). Transmission may have stopped when the proportion of infected personnel was large enough to prevent circulation (65%; 95% CI: 62-68).ConclusionNon-specific clinical pictures of COVID-19 delayed detection of the outbreak. The lack of an isolation ward made it difficult to manage transmission; the outbreak spread until a protective threshold was reached. Physical distancing was effective when applied. Early surveillance with adapted prevention measures should prevent such an outbreak.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2022 |
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| Erschienen: |
2022 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:27 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin - 27(2022), 21 vom: 27. Mai |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
de Laval, Franck [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Aircraft Carrier |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 30.05.2022 Date Revised 15.09.2022 published: Print Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.21.2100612 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM341433225 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Investigation of a COVID-19 outbreak on the Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier, March to April 2020 |b a retrospective cohort study |
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| 500 | |a Date Revised 15.09.2022 | ||
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| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 emergence was a threat for armed forces. A COVID-19 outbreak occurred on the French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle from mid-March to mid-April 2020.AimTo understand how the virus was introduced, circulated then stopped circulation, risk factors for infection and severity, and effectiveness of preventive measures.MethodsWe considered the entire crew as a cohort and collected personal, clinical, biological, and epidemiological data. We performed viral genome sequencing and searched for SARS-CoV-2 in the environment.ResultsThe attack rate was 65% (1,148/1,767); 1,568 (89%) were included. The male:female ratio was 6.9, and median age was 29 years (IQR: 24-36). We examined four clinical profiles: asymptomatic (13.0%), non-specific symptomatic (8.1%), specific symptomatic (76.3%), and severe (i.e. requiring oxygen therapy, 2.6%). Active smoking was not associated with severe COVID-19; age and obesity were risk factors. The instantaneous reproduction rate (Rt) and viral sequencing suggested several introductions of the virus with 4 of 5 introduced strains from within France, with an acceleration of Rt when lifting preventive measures. Physical distancing prevented infection (adjusted OR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.40-0.76). Transmission may have stopped when the proportion of infected personnel was large enough to prevent circulation (65%; 95% CI: 62-68).ConclusionNon-specific clinical pictures of COVID-19 delayed detection of the outbreak. The lack of an isolation ward made it difficult to manage transmission; the outbreak spread until a protective threshold was reached. Physical distancing was effective when applied. Early surveillance with adapted prevention measures should prevent such an outbreak | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Aircraft Carrier | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Outbreak | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Ship, Herd immunity | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chaudet, Hervé |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gorgé, Olivier |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Marchi, Joffrey |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lacrosse, Constance |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Dia, Aissata |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Marbac, Vanessa |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Mmadi Mrenda, Bakridine |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Texier, Gaëtan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Letois, Flavie |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chapus, Charles |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Sarilar, Véronique |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Tournier, Jean-Nicolas |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Levasseur, Anthony |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Cobola, Jacques |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Nolent, Flora |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Dutasta, Fabien |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Pommier de Santi, Vincent |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Fossier, Marion |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Tong, Christelle |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Pellegrin, Liliane |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Duron, Sandrine |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Dubois, Marie |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ollivier, Lénaïck |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Désideri Vaillant, Catherine |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Schneider, Brice |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ferraris, Olivier |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Biot, Fabrice |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Verguet, Noémie |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Iseni, Frédéric |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Frenois-Veyrat, Gaëlle |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ridet, Marine |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Grandadam, Marc |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Martinez, Laurent |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Louis, Jean-François |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lafrogne, Fabienne |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Reverbel, Eric |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Loreau, Jean-Marie |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Morin, Yann |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a de Bonet d'Oléon, Albane |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Holterbach, Lise |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Merens, Audrey |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Foissaud, Vincent |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Peron, Léopoldine |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Murris, Sophie |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Menoud, Nastasia |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Garcia, Anne-Claire |e investigator |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ressort, Typhaine |e investigator |4 oth | |
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