Understanding "Hybrid Immunity" : Comparison and Predictors of Humoral Immune Responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection (SARS-CoV-2) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccines
© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissionsoup.com..
BACKGROUND: Comparison of humoral responses in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccinees, those with SARS-CoV-2 infection, or combinations of vaccine/ infection ("hybrid immunity") may clarify predictors of vaccine immunogenicity.
METHODS: We studied 2660 US Military Health System beneficiaries with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection-alone (n = 705), vaccination-alone (n = 932), vaccine-after-infection (n = 869), and vaccine-breakthrough-infection (n = 154). Peak anti-spike-immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses through 183 days were compared, with adjustment for vaccine product, demography, and comorbidities. We excluded those with evidence of clinical or subclinical SARS-CoV-2 reinfection from all groups.
RESULTS: Multivariable regression results indicated that vaccine-after-infection anti-spike-IgG responses were higher than infection-alone (P < .01), regardless of prior infection severity. An increased time between infection and vaccination was associated with greater post-vaccination IgG response (P < .01). Vaccination-alone elicited a greater IgG response but more rapid waning of IgG (P < .01) compared with infection-alone (P < .01). BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccine-receipt was associated with greater IgG responses compared with JNJ-78436735 vaccine-receipt (P < .01), regardless of infection history. Those with vaccine-after-infection or vaccine-breakthrough-infection had a more durable anti-spike-IgG response compared to infection-alone (P < .01).
CONCLUSIONS: Vaccine-receipt elicited higher anti-spike-IgG responses than infection-alone, although IgG levels waned faster in those vaccinated (compared to infection-alone). Vaccine-after-infection elicits a greater humoral response compared with vaccine or infection alone; and the timing, but not disease severity, of prior infection predicted these post-vaccination IgG responses. While differences between groups were small in magnitude, these results offer insights into vaccine immunogenicity variations that may help inform vaccination timing strategies.
Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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Erscheinungsjahr: |
2023 |
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Erschienen: |
2023 |
Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:76 |
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Enthalten in: |
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America - 76(2023), 3 vom: 08. Feb., Seite e439-e449 |
Sprache: |
Englisch |
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Beteiligte Personen: |
Epsi, Nusrat J [VerfasserIn] |
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Links: |
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Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 10.02.2023 Date Revised 20.02.2023 published: Print Citation Status MEDLINE |
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doi: |
10.1093/cid/ciac392 |
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NLM341309710 |
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100 | 1 | |a Epsi, Nusrat J |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Understanding "Hybrid Immunity" |b Comparison and Predictors of Humoral Immune Responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection (SARS-CoV-2) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccines |
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500 | |a Date Revised 20.02.2023 | ||
500 | |a published: Print | ||
500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
520 | |a © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissionsoup.com. | ||
520 | |a BACKGROUND: Comparison of humoral responses in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccinees, those with SARS-CoV-2 infection, or combinations of vaccine/ infection ("hybrid immunity") may clarify predictors of vaccine immunogenicity | ||
520 | |a METHODS: We studied 2660 US Military Health System beneficiaries with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection-alone (n = 705), vaccination-alone (n = 932), vaccine-after-infection (n = 869), and vaccine-breakthrough-infection (n = 154). Peak anti-spike-immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses through 183 days were compared, with adjustment for vaccine product, demography, and comorbidities. We excluded those with evidence of clinical or subclinical SARS-CoV-2 reinfection from all groups | ||
520 | |a RESULTS: Multivariable regression results indicated that vaccine-after-infection anti-spike-IgG responses were higher than infection-alone (P < .01), regardless of prior infection severity. An increased time between infection and vaccination was associated with greater post-vaccination IgG response (P < .01). Vaccination-alone elicited a greater IgG response but more rapid waning of IgG (P < .01) compared with infection-alone (P < .01). BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccine-receipt was associated with greater IgG responses compared with JNJ-78436735 vaccine-receipt (P < .01), regardless of infection history. Those with vaccine-after-infection or vaccine-breakthrough-infection had a more durable anti-spike-IgG response compared to infection-alone (P < .01) | ||
520 | |a CONCLUSIONS: Vaccine-receipt elicited higher anti-spike-IgG responses than infection-alone, although IgG levels waned faster in those vaccinated (compared to infection-alone). Vaccine-after-infection elicits a greater humoral response compared with vaccine or infection alone; and the timing, but not disease severity, of prior infection predicted these post-vaccination IgG responses. While differences between groups were small in magnitude, these results offer insights into vaccine immunogenicity variations that may help inform vaccination timing strategies | ||
650 | 4 | |a Comparative Study | |
650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
650 | 4 | |a Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural | |
650 | 4 | |a Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | |
650 | 4 | |a Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. | |
650 | 4 | |a IgG | |
650 | 4 | |a SARS-CoV-2 | |
650 | 4 | |a antibody response | |
650 | 4 | |a vaccine | |
650 | 4 | |a vaccine breakthrough | |
650 | 7 | |a 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273 |2 NLM | |
650 | 7 | |a EPK39PL4R4 |2 NLM | |
650 | 7 | |a Ad26COVS1 |2 NLM | |
650 | 7 | |a JT2NS6183B |2 NLM | |
650 | 7 | |a Antibodies, Viral |2 NLM | |
650 | 7 | |a BNT162 Vaccine |2 NLM | |
650 | 7 | |a COVID-19 Vaccines |2 NLM | |
650 | 7 | |a Immunoglobulin G |2 NLM | |
700 | 1 | |a Richard, Stephanie A |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Lindholm, David A |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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700 | 1 | |a Colombo, Rhonda E |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Larson, Derek T |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Smith, Alfred |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Chi, Sharon W |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Maldonado, Carlos J |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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700 | 1 | |a Colombo, Christopher J |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Samuels, Emily C |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Nwachukwu, Princess |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Tso, Marana S |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Scher, Ann I |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Byrne, Celia |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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700 | 1 | |a Laing, Eric D |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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700 | 0 | |a Epidemiology, Immunology, and Clinical Characteristics of Emerging Infectious Diseases with Pandemic Potential COVID-19 Cohort Study Group |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Cowden, J |e investigator |4 oth | |
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700 | 1 | |a Markelz, A |e investigator |4 oth | |
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700 | 1 | |a Merritt, S |e investigator |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Merritt, T |e investigator |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Turner, N |e investigator |4 oth | |
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700 | 1 | |a Bazan, S |e investigator |4 oth | |
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700 | 1 | |a Chenoweth, J |e investigator |4 oth | |
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700 | 1 | |a Cammarata, S |e investigator |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Kirkland, N |e investigator |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Libraty, D |e investigator |4 oth | |
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700 | 1 | |a Utz, G |e investigator |4 oth | |
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