MERS-CoV endoribonuclease and accessory proteins jointly evade host innate immunity during infection of lung and nasal epithelial cells
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged into humans in 2012, causing highly lethal respiratory disease. The severity of disease may be, in part, because MERS-CoV is adept at antagonizing early innate immune pathways—interferon (IFN) production and signaling, protein kinase R (PKR), and oligoadenylate synthetase/ribonuclease L (OAS/RNase L)—activated in response to viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) generated during genome replication. This is in contrast to severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which we recently reported to activate PKR and RNase L and, to some extent, IFN signaling. We previously found that MERS-CoV accessory proteins NS4a (dsRNA binding protein) and NS4b (phosphodiesterase) could weakly suppress these pathways, but ablation of each had minimal effect on virus replication. Here we investigated the antagonist effects of the conserved coronavirus endoribonuclease (EndoU), in combination with NS4a or NS4b. Inactivation of EndoU catalytic activity alone in a recombinant MERS-CoV caused little if any effect on activation of the innate immune pathways during infection. However, infection with recombinant viruses containing combined mutations with inactivation of EndoU and deletion of NS4a or inactivation of the NS4b phosphodiesterase promoted robust activation of dsRNA-induced innate immune pathways. This resulted in at least tenfold attenuation of replication in human lung–derived A549 and primary nasal cells. Furthermore, replication of these recombinant viruses could be rescued to the level of wild-type MERS-CoV by knockout of host immune mediators MAVS, PKR, or RNase L. Thus, EndoU and accessory proteins NS4a and NS4b together suppress dsRNA-induced innate immunity during MERS-CoV infection in order to optimize viral replication.
| Errataetall: | |
|---|---|
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2022 |
|---|---|
| Erschienen: |
2022 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:119 |
|---|---|
| Enthalten in: |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - 119(2022), 21 vom: 24. Mai, Seite e2123208119 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
|---|
| Beteiligte Personen: |
Comar, Courtney E [VerfasserIn] |
|---|
| Links: |
|---|
| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 24.05.2022 Date Revised 18.07.2023 published: Print-Electronic UpdateOf: bioRxiv. 2021 Dec 21;:. - PMID 34981054 Citation Status MEDLINE |
|---|
| doi: |
10.1073/pnas.2123208119 |
|---|
| funding: |
|
|---|---|
| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
|
| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM341170046 |
|---|
| LEADER | 01000naa a22002652 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | NLM341170046 | ||
| 003 | DE-627 | ||
| 005 | 20231226011148.0 | ||
| 007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 231226s2022 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.1073/pnas.2123208119 |2 doi | |
| 028 | 5 | 2 | |a pubmed24n1137.xml |
| 035 | |a (DE-627)NLM341170046 | ||
| 035 | |a (NLM)35594398 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | |a eng | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Comar, Courtney E |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a MERS-CoV endoribonuclease and accessory proteins jointly evade host innate immunity during infection of lung and nasal epithelial cells |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2022 | |
| 336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a ƒaComputermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a ƒa Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Date Completed 24.05.2022 | ||
| 500 | |a Date Revised 18.07.2023 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a UpdateOf: bioRxiv. 2021 Dec 21;:. - PMID 34981054 | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged into humans in 2012, causing highly lethal respiratory disease. The severity of disease may be, in part, because MERS-CoV is adept at antagonizing early innate immune pathways—interferon (IFN) production and signaling, protein kinase R (PKR), and oligoadenylate synthetase/ribonuclease L (OAS/RNase L)—activated in response to viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) generated during genome replication. This is in contrast to severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which we recently reported to activate PKR and RNase L and, to some extent, IFN signaling. We previously found that MERS-CoV accessory proteins NS4a (dsRNA binding protein) and NS4b (phosphodiesterase) could weakly suppress these pathways, but ablation of each had minimal effect on virus replication. Here we investigated the antagonist effects of the conserved coronavirus endoribonuclease (EndoU), in combination with NS4a or NS4b. Inactivation of EndoU catalytic activity alone in a recombinant MERS-CoV caused little if any effect on activation of the innate immune pathways during infection. However, infection with recombinant viruses containing combined mutations with inactivation of EndoU and deletion of NS4a or inactivation of the NS4b phosphodiesterase promoted robust activation of dsRNA-induced innate immune pathways. This resulted in at least tenfold attenuation of replication in human lung–derived A549 and primary nasal cells. Furthermore, replication of these recombinant viruses could be rescued to the level of wild-type MERS-CoV by knockout of host immune mediators MAVS, PKR, or RNase L. Thus, EndoU and accessory proteins NS4a and NS4b together suppress dsRNA-induced innate immunity during MERS-CoV infection in order to optimize viral replication | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | |
| 650 | 4 | |a MERS-CoV | |
| 650 | 4 | |a PKR | |
| 650 | 4 | |a RNase L | |
| 650 | 4 | |a endonuclease U | |
| 650 | 4 | |a innate immune antagonism | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Endoribonucleases |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a EC 3.1.- |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Uridylate-Specific Endoribonucleases |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a EC 3.1.- |2 NLM | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Otter, Clayton J |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Pfannenstiel, Jessica |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Doerger, Ethan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Renner, David M |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Tan, Li Hui |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Perlman, Stanley |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Cohen, Noam A |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Fehr, Anthony R |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Weiss, Susan R |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |d 1915 |g 119(2022), 21 vom: 24. Mai, Seite e2123208119 |w (DE-627)NLM000008982 |x 1091-6490 |7 nnns |
| 773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:119 |g year:2022 |g number:21 |g day:24 |g month:05 |g pages:e2123208119 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2123208119 |3 Volltext |
| 912 | |a GBV_USEFLAG_A | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_NLM | ||
| 951 | |a AR | ||
| 952 | |d 119 |j 2022 |e 21 |b 24 |c 05 |h e2123208119 | ||