Characteristics and Risk Factors for Mortality by Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Waves in Fulton County, Georgia : A Cohort Study March 2020-February 2021
© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America..
Background: We examined differences in mortality among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in the first, second, and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 cases in Fulton County, Georgia, USA, reported to a public health surveillance from March 2020 through February 2021. We estimated case-fatality rates (CFR) by wave and used Cox proportional hazards random-effects models in each wave, with random effects at individual and long-term-care-facility level, to determine risk factors associated with rates of mortality.
Results: Of 75 289 confirmed cases, 4490 (6%) were diagnosed in wave 1 (CFR 31 deaths/100 000 person days [pd]), 24 293 (32%) in wave 2 (CFR 7 deaths/100 000 pd), and 46 506 (62%) in wave 3 (CFR 9 deaths/100 000 pd). Compared with females, males were more likely to die in each wave: wave 1 (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-1.8), wave 2 (aHR 1.5, 95% CI, 1.2-1.8), and wave 3 (aHR 1.7, 95% CI, 1.5-2.0). Compared with non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks were more likely to die in each wave: wave 1 (aHR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.8), wave 2 (aHR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2-1.9), and wave 3 (aHR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.4-2.0). Cases with any disability, chronic renal disease, and cardiovascular disease were more likely to die in each wave compared with those without these comorbidities.
Conclusions: Our study found gender and racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality and certain comorbidities associated with COVID-19 mortality. These factors have persisted throughout the COVID-19 pandemic waves, despite improvements in diagnosis and treatment.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2022 |
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| Erschienen: |
2022 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:9 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Open forum infectious diseases - 9(2022), 4 vom: 21. Apr., Seite ofac101 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Chishinga, Nathaniel [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
COVID-19 |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Revised 02.04.2022 published: Electronic-eCollection Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1093/ofid/ofac101 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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NLM338901914 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Chishinga, Nathaniel |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Characteristics and Risk Factors for Mortality by Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Waves in Fulton County, Georgia |b A Cohort Study March 2020-February 2021 |
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| 500 | |a Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. | ||
| 520 | |a Background: We examined differences in mortality among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in the first, second, and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic | ||
| 520 | |a Methods: A retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 cases in Fulton County, Georgia, USA, reported to a public health surveillance from March 2020 through February 2021. We estimated case-fatality rates (CFR) by wave and used Cox proportional hazards random-effects models in each wave, with random effects at individual and long-term-care-facility level, to determine risk factors associated with rates of mortality | ||
| 520 | |a Results: Of 75 289 confirmed cases, 4490 (6%) were diagnosed in wave 1 (CFR 31 deaths/100 000 person days [pd]), 24 293 (32%) in wave 2 (CFR 7 deaths/100 000 pd), and 46 506 (62%) in wave 3 (CFR 9 deaths/100 000 pd). Compared with females, males were more likely to die in each wave: wave 1 (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-1.8), wave 2 (aHR 1.5, 95% CI, 1.2-1.8), and wave 3 (aHR 1.7, 95% CI, 1.5-2.0). Compared with non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks were more likely to die in each wave: wave 1 (aHR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.8), wave 2 (aHR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2-1.9), and wave 3 (aHR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.4-2.0). Cases with any disability, chronic renal disease, and cardiovascular disease were more likely to die in each wave compared with those without these comorbidities | ||
| 520 | |a Conclusions: Our study found gender and racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality and certain comorbidities associated with COVID-19 mortality. These factors have persisted throughout the COVID-19 pandemic waves, despite improvements in diagnosis and treatment | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Telford, Carson |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Chamberlain, Allison T |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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