An update on romiplostim for treatment of acute radiation syndrome
Copyright 2022 Clarivate Analytics..
Detonation of an improvised nuclear weapon, or a radiological dispersal device by terrorists, or an unintended radiological/nuclear accident in populated areas would result in a mass casualty scenario with radiation exposures of different severities. Such incidences are perceived as national security threats of major consequences. Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is triggered by an exposure to a high dose of penetrating ionizing radiation during a short time window. In humans, moderate exposure to 2 to 4 Gy of ionizing radiation results in clinically manageable hematopoietic ARS (H-ARS), characterized by severe depletion of vital blood cells and bone marrow progenitors. Since 2015, the United States Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA) has approved four radiation medical countermeasures for H-ARS following the Animal Rule; namely, Neupogen, Neulasta, Leukine and Nplate (romiplostim). Here, we briefly present the treatment modalities for H-ARS. We have discussed the latest FDA-approved agent, romiplostim, as a treatment modality for H-ARS. The nature of this agent and the preclinical and clinical work that preceded its FDA approval as a radiation medical countermeasure are discussed, as are the development and use of related thrombopoietic agents for the treatment of radiation-exposed victims.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2022 |
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| Erschienen: |
2022 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:58 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Drugs of today (Barcelona, Spain : 1998) - 58(2022), 3 vom: 15. März, Seite 133-145 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Singh, Vijay K [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 14.03.2022 Date Revised 14.03.2022 published: Print Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1358/dot.2022.58.3.3367994 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| 520 | |a Detonation of an improvised nuclear weapon, or a radiological dispersal device by terrorists, or an unintended radiological/nuclear accident in populated areas would result in a mass casualty scenario with radiation exposures of different severities. Such incidences are perceived as national security threats of major consequences. Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is triggered by an exposure to a high dose of penetrating ionizing radiation during a short time window. In humans, moderate exposure to 2 to 4 Gy of ionizing radiation results in clinically manageable hematopoietic ARS (H-ARS), characterized by severe depletion of vital blood cells and bone marrow progenitors. Since 2015, the United States Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA) has approved four radiation medical countermeasures for H-ARS following the Animal Rule; namely, Neupogen, Neulasta, Leukine and Nplate (romiplostim). Here, we briefly present the treatment modalities for H-ARS. We have discussed the latest FDA-approved agent, romiplostim, as a treatment modality for H-ARS. The nature of this agent and the preclinical and clinical work that preceded its FDA approval as a radiation medical countermeasure are discussed, as are the development and use of related thrombopoietic agents for the treatment of radiation-exposed victims | ||
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