Effects of COVID-19 protective face masks and wearing durations on respiratory haemodynamic physiology and exhaled breath constituents
Copyright ©The authors 2022..
BACKGROUND: While assumed to protect against coronavirus transmission, face masks may have effects on respiratory-haemodynamic parameters. Within this pilot study, we investigated immediate and progressive effects of FFP2 and surgical masks on exhaled breath constituents and physiological attributes in 30 adults at rest.
METHODS: We continuously monitored exhaled breath profiles within mask space in older (age 60-80 years) and young to middle-aged (age 20-59 years) adults over the period of 15 and 30 min by high-resolution real-time mass-spectrometry. Peripheral oxygen saturation (S pO2 ) and respiratory and haemodynamic parameters were measured (noninvasively) simultaneously.
RESULTS: Profound, consistent and significant (p≤0.001) changes in S pO2 (≥60_FFP2-15 min: 5.8±1.3%↓, ≥60_surgical-15 min: 3.6±0.9%↓, <60_FFP2-30 min: 1.9±1.0%↓, <60_surgical-30 min: 0.9±0.6%↓) and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (P ETCO2 ) (≥60_FFP2-15 min: 19.1±8.0%↑, ≥60_surgical-15 min: 11.6±7.6%↑, <60_FFP2- 30 min: 12.1±4.5%↑, <60_surgical- 30 min: 9.3±4.1%↑) indicate ascending deoxygenation and hypercarbia. Secondary changes (p≤0.005) to haemodynamic parameters (e.g. mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≥60_FFP2-15 min: 9.8±10.4%↑) were found. Exhalation of bloodborne volatile metabolites, e.g. aldehydes, hemiterpene, organosulfur, short-chain fatty acids, alcohols, ketone, aromatics, nitrile and monoterpene mirrored behaviour of cardiac output, MAP, S pO2 , respiratory rate and P ETCO2 . Exhaled humidity (e.g. ≥60_FFP2-15 min: 7.1±5.8%↑) and exhaled oxygen (e.g. ≥60_FFP2-15 min: 6.1±10.0%↓) changed significantly (p≤0.005) over time.
CONCLUSIONS: Breathomics allows unique physiometabolic insights into immediate and transient effects of face mask wearing. Physiological parameters and breath profiles of endogenous and/or exogenous volatile metabolites indicated putative cross-talk between transient hypoxaemia, oxidative stress, hypercarbia, vasoconstriction, altered systemic microbial activity, energy homeostasis, compartmental storage and washout. FFP2 masks had a more pronounced effect than surgical masks. Older adults were more vulnerable to FFP2 mask-induced hypercarbia, arterial oxygen decline, blood pressure fluctuations and concomitant physiological and metabolic effects.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2022 |
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| Erschienen: |
2022 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:60 |
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| Enthalten in: |
The European respiratory journal - 60(2022), 3 vom: 06. Sept. |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Sukul, Pritam [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
142M471B3J |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 26.09.2022 Date Revised 28.09.2022 published: Electronic-Print Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1183/13993003.00009-2022 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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NLM33701020X |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Effects of COVID-19 protective face masks and wearing durations on respiratory haemodynamic physiology and exhaled breath constituents |
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| 500 | |a Date Completed 26.09.2022 | ||
| 500 | |a Date Revised 28.09.2022 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Electronic-Print | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a Copyright ©The authors 2022. | ||
| 520 | |a BACKGROUND: While assumed to protect against coronavirus transmission, face masks may have effects on respiratory-haemodynamic parameters. Within this pilot study, we investigated immediate and progressive effects of FFP2 and surgical masks on exhaled breath constituents and physiological attributes in 30 adults at rest | ||
| 520 | |a METHODS: We continuously monitored exhaled breath profiles within mask space in older (age 60-80 years) and young to middle-aged (age 20-59 years) adults over the period of 15 and 30 min by high-resolution real-time mass-spectrometry. Peripheral oxygen saturation (S pO2 ) and respiratory and haemodynamic parameters were measured (noninvasively) simultaneously | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: Profound, consistent and significant (p≤0.001) changes in S pO2 (≥60_FFP2-15 min: 5.8±1.3%↓, ≥60_surgical-15 min: 3.6±0.9%↓, <60_FFP2-30 min: 1.9±1.0%↓, <60_surgical-30 min: 0.9±0.6%↓) and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (P ETCO2 ) (≥60_FFP2-15 min: 19.1±8.0%↑, ≥60_surgical-15 min: 11.6±7.6%↑, <60_FFP2- 30 min: 12.1±4.5%↑, <60_surgical- 30 min: 9.3±4.1%↑) indicate ascending deoxygenation and hypercarbia. Secondary changes (p≤0.005) to haemodynamic parameters (e.g. mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≥60_FFP2-15 min: 9.8±10.4%↑) were found. Exhalation of bloodborne volatile metabolites, e.g. aldehydes, hemiterpene, organosulfur, short-chain fatty acids, alcohols, ketone, aromatics, nitrile and monoterpene mirrored behaviour of cardiac output, MAP, S pO2 , respiratory rate and P ETCO2 . Exhaled humidity (e.g. ≥60_FFP2-15 min: 7.1±5.8%↑) and exhaled oxygen (e.g. ≥60_FFP2-15 min: 6.1±10.0%↓) changed significantly (p≤0.005) over time | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSIONS: Breathomics allows unique physiometabolic insights into immediate and transient effects of face mask wearing. Physiological parameters and breath profiles of endogenous and/or exogenous volatile metabolites indicated putative cross-talk between transient hypoxaemia, oxidative stress, hypercarbia, vasoconstriction, altered systemic microbial activity, energy homeostasis, compartmental storage and washout. FFP2 masks had a more pronounced effect than surgical masks. Older adults were more vulnerable to FFP2 mask-induced hypercarbia, arterial oxygen decline, blood pressure fluctuations and concomitant physiological and metabolic effects | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Fuchs, Patricia |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Trefz, Phillip |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Remy, Rasmus |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Rührmund, Leo |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kamysek, Svend |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Schubert, Jochen K |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Miekisch, Wolfram |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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