Acute hepatitis A in international travellers : a GeoSentinel analysis, 2008-2020
© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of International Society of Travel Medicine. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissionsoup.com..
BACKGROUND: Non-immune international travellers are at risk of acquiring hepatitis A. Although hepatitis A vaccination is recommended for unvaccinated travellers to high or intermediate hepatitis A virus endemicity, compliance with this recommendation is not universal.The main objective was to describe the demographic and travel characteristics of international travellers infected with hepatitis A during travel.
METHODS: Available data on travellers with confirmed (positive molecular test) or probable (symptomatic individuals with a single positive IgM test) hepatitis A diagnosed during and after travel from January 2008 to December 2020 were obtained from the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database. We analysed demographic and travel characteristics of infected travellers.
RESULTS: Among 254 travellers with hepatitis A (185 confirmed and 69 probable), the median age was 28 years (interquartile range: 19-40), 150 (59%) were male, and among 54 travellers with information available, 53 (98%) were unvaccinated. The most common reasons for travel included tourism (n = 120; 47%) and visiting friends or relatives (VFR; n = 72; 28%). About two-thirds of VFR travellers with hepatitis A (n = 50; 69%) were younger than 20 years old. Hepatitis A was acquired most frequently in South-Central Asia (n = 63; 25%) and sub-Saharan Africa (n = 61; 24%), but 16 travellers (6%) acquired hepatitis A in regions with low endemicity including Western Europe (n = 7; 3%), the Caribbean (n = 6; 2%) and North America (n = 3; 1%). Median duration from illness onset to GeoSentinel site presentation was ~7 days (interquartile range : 4-14 days). Among 88 travellers with information available, 59% were hospitalized.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite availability of highly effective vaccines, travellers still acquire hepatitis A, even when traveling to low-endemicity destinations. Providing pre-departure hepatitis A vaccine to susceptible travellers is crucial to reducing travel-associated hepatitis A and should be offered to all travellers as part of the pre-travel consultation, regardless of destination.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2022 |
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| Erschienen: |
2022 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:29 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Journal of travel medicine - 29(2022), 2 vom: 21. März |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Balogun, Oluwafemi [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
COVID-19 |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 01.04.2022 Date Revised 18.08.2022 published: Print Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1093/jtm/taac013 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Balogun, Oluwafemi |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Acute hepatitis A in international travellers |b a GeoSentinel analysis, 2008-2020 |
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| 500 | |a Date Completed 01.04.2022 | ||
| 500 | |a Date Revised 18.08.2022 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of International Society of Travel Medicine. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissionsoup.com. | ||
| 520 | |a BACKGROUND: Non-immune international travellers are at risk of acquiring hepatitis A. Although hepatitis A vaccination is recommended for unvaccinated travellers to high or intermediate hepatitis A virus endemicity, compliance with this recommendation is not universal.The main objective was to describe the demographic and travel characteristics of international travellers infected with hepatitis A during travel | ||
| 520 | |a METHODS: Available data on travellers with confirmed (positive molecular test) or probable (symptomatic individuals with a single positive IgM test) hepatitis A diagnosed during and after travel from January 2008 to December 2020 were obtained from the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database. We analysed demographic and travel characteristics of infected travellers | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: Among 254 travellers with hepatitis A (185 confirmed and 69 probable), the median age was 28 years (interquartile range: 19-40), 150 (59%) were male, and among 54 travellers with information available, 53 (98%) were unvaccinated. The most common reasons for travel included tourism (n = 120; 47%) and visiting friends or relatives (VFR; n = 72; 28%). About two-thirds of VFR travellers with hepatitis A (n = 50; 69%) were younger than 20 years old. Hepatitis A was acquired most frequently in South-Central Asia (n = 63; 25%) and sub-Saharan Africa (n = 61; 24%), but 16 travellers (6%) acquired hepatitis A in regions with low endemicity including Western Europe (n = 7; 3%), the Caribbean (n = 6; 2%) and North America (n = 3; 1%). Median duration from illness onset to GeoSentinel site presentation was ~7 days (interquartile range : 4-14 days). Among 88 travellers with information available, 59% were hospitalized | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSIONS: Despite availability of highly effective vaccines, travellers still acquire hepatitis A, even when traveling to low-endemicity destinations. Providing pre-departure hepatitis A vaccine to susceptible travellers is crucial to reducing travel-associated hepatitis A and should be offered to all travellers as part of the pre-travel consultation, regardless of destination | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. | |
| 650 | 4 | |a COVID-19 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a endemicity | |
| 650 | 4 | |a epidemiology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a hepatitis A vaccine | |
| 650 | 4 | |a immunization | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Hepatitis A Vaccines |2 NLM | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Brown, Ashley |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Angelo, Kristina M |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hochberg, Natasha S |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Barnett, Elizabeth D |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Nicolini, Laura Ambra |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Chen, Lin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Connor, Bradley A |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Libman, Michael |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hamer, Davidson H |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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