Bile Acids, Gut Microbiome and the Road to Fatty Liver Disease
Copyright © 2022 American Physiological Society. All rights reserved..
This article describes the complex interactions occurring between diet, the gut microbiome, and bile acids in the etiology of fatty liver disease. Perhaps 25% of the world's population may have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and a significant percentage (∼20%) of these individuals will progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Currently, the only recommended treatment for NAFLD and NASH is a change in diet and exercise. A Western-type diet containing high fructose corn syrup, fats, and cholesterol creates gut dysbiosis, increases intestinal permeability and uptake of LPS causing low-grade chronic inflammation in the body. Fructose is a "lipogenic" sugar that induces long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) synthesis in the liver. Inflammation decreases the oxidation of LCFA, allowing fat accumulation in hepatocytes. Hepatic bile acid transporters are downregulated by inflammation slowing their enterohepatic circulation and allowing conjugated bile acids (CBA) to increase in the serum and liver of NASH patients. High levels of CBA in the liver are hypothesized to activate sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2), activating pro-inflammatory and fibrosis pathways enhancing NASH progression. Because inflammation appears to be a major physiological driving force in NAFLD/NASH, new drugs and treatment protocols may require the use of anti-inflammatory compounds, such as berberine, in combination with bile acid receptor agonists or antagonists. Emerging new molecular technologies may provide guidance in unraveling the complex physiological pathways driving fatty liver disease and better approaches to prevention and treatment. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-12, 2021.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
|---|
| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2021 |
|---|---|
| Erschienen: |
2021 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:12 |
|---|---|
| Enthalten in: |
Comprehensive Physiology - 12(2021), 1 vom: 29. Dez., Seite 2719-2730 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
|---|
| Beteiligte Personen: |
Hylemon, Phillip B [VerfasserIn] |
|---|
| Links: |
|---|
| Themen: |
Bile Acids and Salts |
|---|
| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 06.05.2022 Date Revised 20.07.2023 published: Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
|---|
| doi: |
10.1002/cphy.c210024 |
|---|
| funding: |
|
|---|---|
| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
|
| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM334999464 |
|---|
| LEADER | 01000naa a22002652 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | NLM334999464 | ||
| 003 | DE-627 | ||
| 005 | 20231225224902.0 | ||
| 007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 231225s2021 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.1002/cphy.c210024 |2 doi | |
| 028 | 5 | 2 | |a pubmed24n1116.xml |
| 035 | |a (DE-627)NLM334999464 | ||
| 035 | |a (NLM)34964117 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | |a eng | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Hylemon, Phillip B |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Bile Acids, Gut Microbiome and the Road to Fatty Liver Disease |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2021 | |
| 336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a ƒaComputermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a ƒa Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Date Completed 06.05.2022 | ||
| 500 | |a Date Revised 20.07.2023 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a Copyright © 2022 American Physiological Society. All rights reserved. | ||
| 520 | |a This article describes the complex interactions occurring between diet, the gut microbiome, and bile acids in the etiology of fatty liver disease. Perhaps 25% of the world's population may have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and a significant percentage (∼20%) of these individuals will progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Currently, the only recommended treatment for NAFLD and NASH is a change in diet and exercise. A Western-type diet containing high fructose corn syrup, fats, and cholesterol creates gut dysbiosis, increases intestinal permeability and uptake of LPS causing low-grade chronic inflammation in the body. Fructose is a "lipogenic" sugar that induces long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) synthesis in the liver. Inflammation decreases the oxidation of LCFA, allowing fat accumulation in hepatocytes. Hepatic bile acid transporters are downregulated by inflammation slowing their enterohepatic circulation and allowing conjugated bile acids (CBA) to increase in the serum and liver of NASH patients. High levels of CBA in the liver are hypothesized to activate sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2), activating pro-inflammatory and fibrosis pathways enhancing NASH progression. Because inflammation appears to be a major physiological driving force in NAFLD/NASH, new drugs and treatment protocols may require the use of anti-inflammatory compounds, such as berberine, in combination with bile acid receptor agonists or antagonists. Emerging new molecular technologies may provide guidance in unraveling the complex physiological pathways driving fatty liver disease and better approaches to prevention and treatment. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-12, 2021 | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Bile Acids and Salts |2 NLM | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Su, Lianyong |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zheng, Po-Cheng |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bajaj, Jasmohan S |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zhou, Huiping |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t Comprehensive Physiology |d 2011 |g 12(2021), 1 vom: 29. Dez., Seite 2719-2730 |w (DE-627)NLM220699933 |x 2040-4603 |7 nnns |
| 773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:12 |g year:2021 |g number:1 |g day:29 |g month:12 |g pages:2719-2730 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c210024 |3 Volltext |
| 912 | |a GBV_USEFLAG_A | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_NLM | ||
| 951 | |a AR | ||
| 952 | |d 12 |j 2021 |e 1 |b 29 |c 12 |h 2719-2730 | ||