Cluster analysis of insomnia symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic : a general population web-based survey in Iran
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of insomnia and its different phenotypes as well as their association with fear of COVID-19 in the general population.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted using an online survey (e-poll). All available participants who completed the online survey form were included in the current study. All individuals with a history of sleep problems were excluded. A questionnaire package consisted of insomnia severity index (ISI), and FCV-19 for corona fear was administered for all participants. Insomnia was defined as ISI≥8. Insomnia phenotypes were considered as: (a) DIS: difficulty initiating sleep; (b) DMS: difficulty maintaining sleep; (c) EMA: early morning awakening; and (d) combined insomnia.
RESULTS: A total of 1,223 participants [827 (67.6%) female, mean age=39.82±10.75 years old], enrolled in the current survey. Based on ISI, 675 (55.2% [95%CI=52.40-57.98]) were categorized into the insomnia group. Insomnia was more prevalent in females (p=0.006), participants with 50 years old or higher (p=0.04), or high fear of COVID-19 (p<0.0001). Totally, 67.4%, 66.4%, and 55% of all participants had DIS, DMS, and EMA, respectively, in the current outbreak. Besides, 79% had impaired daily functioning, 51.6% had impaired quality of life, and 62% were worried about their sleep problem. Notably that a considerable percentage of individuals with normal ISI scores had at least one insomnia phenotype or impaired daily functioning and quality of life. Further analyses revealed a significant increasing trend in all four insomnia phenotypes prevalence with an increase in fear of COVID-19 (all p-values<0.0001).
CONCLUSION: Individuals with higher age, female gender, or higher fear of COVID-19 are at higher risk of all types of insomnia as well as impaired daytime performance or quality of life.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2021 |
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| Erschienen: |
2021 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:14 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil) - 14(2021), Spec 1 vom: 07. Jan., Seite 63-68 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Sadeghniiat-Haghighi, Khosro [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Coronavirus Infections |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Revised 29.04.2022 published: Print Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.5935/1984-0063.20200087 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM334534798 |
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| 500 | |a Date Revised 29.04.2022 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of insomnia and its different phenotypes as well as their association with fear of COVID-19 in the general population | ||
| 520 | |a MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted using an online survey (e-poll). All available participants who completed the online survey form were included in the current study. All individuals with a history of sleep problems were excluded. A questionnaire package consisted of insomnia severity index (ISI), and FCV-19 for corona fear was administered for all participants. Insomnia was defined as ISI≥8. Insomnia phenotypes were considered as: (a) DIS: difficulty initiating sleep; (b) DMS: difficulty maintaining sleep; (c) EMA: early morning awakening; and (d) combined insomnia | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: A total of 1,223 participants [827 (67.6%) female, mean age=39.82±10.75 years old], enrolled in the current survey. Based on ISI, 675 (55.2% [95%CI=52.40-57.98]) were categorized into the insomnia group. Insomnia was more prevalent in females (p=0.006), participants with 50 years old or higher (p=0.04), or high fear of COVID-19 (p<0.0001). Totally, 67.4%, 66.4%, and 55% of all participants had DIS, DMS, and EMA, respectively, in the current outbreak. Besides, 79% had impaired daily functioning, 51.6% had impaired quality of life, and 62% were worried about their sleep problem. Notably that a considerable percentage of individuals with normal ISI scores had at least one insomnia phenotype or impaired daily functioning and quality of life. Further analyses revealed a significant increasing trend in all four insomnia phenotypes prevalence with an increase in fear of COVID-19 (all p-values<0.0001) | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSION: Individuals with higher age, female gender, or higher fear of COVID-19 are at higher risk of all types of insomnia as well as impaired daytime performance or quality of life | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Coronavirus Infections | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Fear | |
| 650 | 4 | |a SARS-CoV-2 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sleep | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Mehrabinejad, Mohammad-Mehdi |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Najafi, Arezu |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Shabani, Mahya |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Akbarpour, Samaneh |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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