The effect of pH adjusted electrolytes on capillary isoelectric focusing assessed by high-resolution dynamic computer simulation
© 2021 The Authors. Electrophoresis published by Wiley-VCH GmbH..
The effect of the composition of electrolytes on capillary IEF is assessed for systems with carrier ampholytes covering two pH units and with catholytes of decreased pH, anolytes of increased pH, and both electrode solutions with adjusted pH values. For electrolytes composed of formic acid as anolyte and ammonium hydroxide as catholyte, simulation is demonstrated to provide the expected IEF system in which analytes with pI values within the formed pH gradient are focused and become immobile. Addition of formic acid to the catholyte results in the formation of an isotachophoretic zone structure that migrates toward the cathode. With ammonium hydroxide added to the anolyte migration occurs toward the anode. In the two cases, all carrier components and amphoteric analytes migrate isotachophoretically as cations or anions, respectively. The data reveal that millimolar amounts of a counter ion are sufficient to convert an IEF pattern into an ITP system. With increasing amounts of the added counter ion, the overall length of the migrating zone structure shrinks, the range of the pH gradient changes, and the migration rate increases. The studied examples indicate that systems of this type reported in the literature should be classified as ITP and not IEF. When both electrolytes are titrated, a non-uniform background electrolyte composed of formic acid and ammonium hydroxide is established in which analytes migrate according to local pH and conductivity without forming IEF or ITP zone structures. Simulation data are in qualitative agreement with previously published experimental data.
Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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Erscheinungsjahr: |
2022 |
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Erschienen: |
2022 |
Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:43 |
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Enthalten in: |
Electrophoresis - 43(2022), 5-6 vom: 11. März, Seite 669-678 |
Sprache: |
Englisch |
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Beteiligte Personen: |
Takácsi-Nagy, Anna [VerfasserIn] |
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Links: |
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Themen: |
5138Q19F1X |
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Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 11.04.2022 Date Revised 31.07.2022 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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doi: |
10.1002/elps.202100367 |
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funding: |
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Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM33430847X |
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245 | 1 | 4 | |a The effect of pH adjusted electrolytes on capillary isoelectric focusing assessed by high-resolution dynamic computer simulation |
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500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
520 | |a © 2021 The Authors. Electrophoresis published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. | ||
520 | |a The effect of the composition of electrolytes on capillary IEF is assessed for systems with carrier ampholytes covering two pH units and with catholytes of decreased pH, anolytes of increased pH, and both electrode solutions with adjusted pH values. For electrolytes composed of formic acid as anolyte and ammonium hydroxide as catholyte, simulation is demonstrated to provide the expected IEF system in which analytes with pI values within the formed pH gradient are focused and become immobile. Addition of formic acid to the catholyte results in the formation of an isotachophoretic zone structure that migrates toward the cathode. With ammonium hydroxide added to the anolyte migration occurs toward the anode. In the two cases, all carrier components and amphoteric analytes migrate isotachophoretically as cations or anions, respectively. The data reveal that millimolar amounts of a counter ion are sufficient to convert an IEF pattern into an ITP system. With increasing amounts of the added counter ion, the overall length of the migrating zone structure shrinks, the range of the pH gradient changes, and the migration rate increases. The studied examples indicate that systems of this type reported in the literature should be classified as ITP and not IEF. When both electrolytes are titrated, a non-uniform background electrolyte composed of formic acid and ammonium hydroxide is established in which analytes migrate according to local pH and conductivity without forming IEF or ITP zone structures. Simulation data are in qualitative agreement with previously published experimental data | ||
650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
650 | 4 | |a Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | |
650 | 4 | |a Carrier ampholytes | |
650 | 4 | |a Electrolytes | |
650 | 4 | |a Isoelectric focusing | |
650 | 4 | |a Isotachophoresis | |
650 | 4 | |a Simulation | |
650 | 7 | |a Electrolytes |2 NLM | |
650 | 7 | |a Ammonium Hydroxide |2 NLM | |
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700 | 1 | |a Thormann, Wolfgang |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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