The Association of Olfactory Dysfunction With Depression, Cognition, and Disease Severity in Parkinson's Disease
Copyright © 2021 Fang, Chang, Yang, Chen and Lin..
Background: Non-motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease (PD) include the limbic, cognitive, and brainstem phenotype, which may have different pathological pathways with olfaction. In this work, we aim to clarify the association between olfactory dysfunction, depression, cognition, and disease severity in PD. Methods: A total of 105 PD subjects were included and divided into anosmia and non-anosmic groups, using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). All patients were evaluated with the movement disorder society unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (MDS-UPDRS), the Beck depression inventory (BDI)-II, and the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA). Results: The BDI-II and UPSIT scores had a trend of reverse correlation without statistical significance (β-coefficient -0.12, p = 0.232). However, the odds ratio (OR) in anosmia was 2.74 (95% CI 1.01-7.46) for depression and 2.58 (95% CI 1.06-6.29) for cognitive impairment. For the MDS-UPDRS total and Part 3 score, the anosmia had a β-coefficient of 12.26 (95% CI 5.69-18.82) and 8.07 (95% CI 3.46-12.67), respectively. Neither depression nor cognitive impairment is associated with motor symptoms. Conclusion: More severe olfactory dysfunction in PD is associated with cognitive impairment and greater disease severity. Depression in PD may involve complex pathways, causing relatively weak association with olfactory dysfunction.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2021 |
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| Erschienen: |
2021 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:12 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Frontiers in neurology - 12(2021) vom: 01., Seite 779712 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Fang, Ting-Chun [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Anosmia |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Revised 11.12.2021 published: Electronic-eCollection Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.3389/fneur.2021.779712 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM334174074 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Fang, Ting-Chun |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 4 | |a The Association of Olfactory Dysfunction With Depression, Cognition, and Disease Severity in Parkinson's Disease |
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| 500 | |a Date Revised 11.12.2021 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Electronic-eCollection | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a Copyright © 2021 Fang, Chang, Yang, Chen and Lin. | ||
| 520 | |a Background: Non-motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease (PD) include the limbic, cognitive, and brainstem phenotype, which may have different pathological pathways with olfaction. In this work, we aim to clarify the association between olfactory dysfunction, depression, cognition, and disease severity in PD. Methods: A total of 105 PD subjects were included and divided into anosmia and non-anosmic groups, using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). All patients were evaluated with the movement disorder society unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (MDS-UPDRS), the Beck depression inventory (BDI)-II, and the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA). Results: The BDI-II and UPSIT scores had a trend of reverse correlation without statistical significance (β-coefficient -0.12, p = 0.232). However, the odds ratio (OR) in anosmia was 2.74 (95% CI 1.01-7.46) for depression and 2.58 (95% CI 1.06-6.29) for cognitive impairment. For the MDS-UPDRS total and Part 3 score, the anosmia had a β-coefficient of 12.26 (95% CI 5.69-18.82) and 8.07 (95% CI 3.46-12.67), respectively. Neither depression nor cognitive impairment is associated with motor symptoms. Conclusion: More severe olfactory dysfunction in PD is associated with cognitive impairment and greater disease severity. Depression in PD may involve complex pathways, causing relatively weak association with olfactory dysfunction | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Parkinson's disease | |
| 650 | 4 | |a University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test | |
| 650 | 4 | |a anosmia | |
| 650 | 4 | |a cognitive impairment | |
| 650 | 4 | |a depression | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Chang, Ming-Hong |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Yang, Chun-Pai |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chen, Yi-Huei |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lin, Ching-Heng |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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