Strong Twirling-Rotating Manual Acupuncture with 4 r/s Is Superior to 2 r/s in Relieving Pain by Activating C-Fibers in Rat Models of CFA-Induced Pain
Copyright © 2021 Simin Song et al..
BACKGROUND: Manual acupuncture (MA) with different stimulus frequencies may give rise to varying acupuncture effects. However, the intensity-effect relationship and the underlying mechanisms of MA remain unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the analgesic effects of different frequencies of twirling-rotating MA on rats with complete Freund's adjuvant- (CFA-) induced pain and explore the underlying mechanism via peripheral sensory nerves.
METHODS: First, 36 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group, 2 r/s MA group (twirling-rotating MA with the frequency of 2 revolutions per second), 4 r/s MA group (twirling-rotating MA with the frequency of 4 revolutions per second), CFA group, CFA + 2 r/s MA group, and CFA + 4 r/s MA group. Rats in three CFA groups received an intraplantar injection of CFA to establish a pain model, while the rats in other three groups received an intraplantar injection of saline. Rats in the 2 r/s MA group and 4 r/s MA group were treated with the corresponding frequencies of twirling-rotating MA on bilateral Zusanli (ST36) and Kunlun (BL60) for 7 days. The ipsilateral nociceptive thresholds (paw withdrawal latency; PWL) were tested to evaluate the analgesic effects. Second, 9 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, 2 r/s MA group, and 4 r/s MA group. The proportion of C-fiber neurons (calcitonin gene-related peptide- (CGRP-) positive neurons) and A-fiber neurons (neurofilament 200- (NF200-) positive neurons) in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) activated by MA were quantitatively analyzed with the morphological immunofluorescence staining method. Third, 30 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group, CFA group, CFA + 2 r/s MA group, CFA + 2 r/s MA + RTX group, CFA + 4 r/s MA group, and CFA + 4 r/s MA + RTX group. Resiniferatoxin (RTX) was injected into the acupoints before acupuncture. PWL was evaluated to investigate the analgesic effect.
RESULTS: Both types of MA treatment increased the PWL of saline-injecting rats and pain model rats. Moreover, 4 r/s MA was superior to 2 r/s MA in increasing PWL. A higher quantity of excited C-fiber neurons was observed following 4 r/s MA than 2 r/s MA, while the reverse was observed in the activation of A-fiber neurons. Following the injection of RTX to inhibit the activation of C-fibers, the analgesic effect of 4 r/s MA reduced significantly but not of 2 r/s MA.
CONCLUSION: Strong MA (4 r/s MA) has superior analgesic effects to gentle MA (2 r/s MA) on CFA model rats, which is associated with C-fiber activation.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2021 |
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| Erschienen: |
2021 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:2021 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM - 2021(2021) vom: 10., Seite 5528780 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Song, Simin [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Revised 27.04.2022 published: Electronic-eCollection Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1155/2021/5528780 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Song, Simin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Strong Twirling-Rotating Manual Acupuncture with 4 r/s Is Superior to 2 r/s in Relieving Pain by Activating C-Fibers in Rat Models of CFA-Induced Pain |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2021 | |
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| 500 | |a Date Revised 27.04.2022 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Electronic-eCollection | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a Copyright © 2021 Simin Song et al. | ||
| 520 | |a BACKGROUND: Manual acupuncture (MA) with different stimulus frequencies may give rise to varying acupuncture effects. However, the intensity-effect relationship and the underlying mechanisms of MA remain unclear | ||
| 520 | |a OBJECTIVE: To compare the analgesic effects of different frequencies of twirling-rotating MA on rats with complete Freund's adjuvant- (CFA-) induced pain and explore the underlying mechanism via peripheral sensory nerves | ||
| 520 | |a METHODS: First, 36 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group, 2 r/s MA group (twirling-rotating MA with the frequency of 2 revolutions per second), 4 r/s MA group (twirling-rotating MA with the frequency of 4 revolutions per second), CFA group, CFA + 2 r/s MA group, and CFA + 4 r/s MA group. Rats in three CFA groups received an intraplantar injection of CFA to establish a pain model, while the rats in other three groups received an intraplantar injection of saline. Rats in the 2 r/s MA group and 4 r/s MA group were treated with the corresponding frequencies of twirling-rotating MA on bilateral Zusanli (ST36) and Kunlun (BL60) for 7 days. The ipsilateral nociceptive thresholds (paw withdrawal latency; PWL) were tested to evaluate the analgesic effects. Second, 9 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, 2 r/s MA group, and 4 r/s MA group. The proportion of C-fiber neurons (calcitonin gene-related peptide- (CGRP-) positive neurons) and A-fiber neurons (neurofilament 200- (NF200-) positive neurons) in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) activated by MA were quantitatively analyzed with the morphological immunofluorescence staining method. Third, 30 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group, CFA group, CFA + 2 r/s MA group, CFA + 2 r/s MA + RTX group, CFA + 4 r/s MA group, and CFA + 4 r/s MA + RTX group. Resiniferatoxin (RTX) was injected into the acupoints before acupuncture. PWL was evaluated to investigate the analgesic effect | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: Both types of MA treatment increased the PWL of saline-injecting rats and pain model rats. Moreover, 4 r/s MA was superior to 2 r/s MA in increasing PWL. A higher quantity of excited C-fiber neurons was observed following 4 r/s MA than 2 r/s MA, while the reverse was observed in the activation of A-fiber neurons. Following the injection of RTX to inhibit the activation of C-fibers, the analgesic effect of 4 r/s MA reduced significantly but not of 2 r/s MA | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSION: Strong MA (4 r/s MA) has superior analgesic effects to gentle MA (2 r/s MA) on CFA model rats, which is associated with C-fiber activation | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Xu, Yuan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Liu, Jiang |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Jia, Yadi |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lin, Xiaowei |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Liu, YangYang |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Guo, Yi |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wang, Hong |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Guo, Yongming |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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| 773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:2021 |g year:2021 |g day:10 |g pages:5528780 |
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