Viral Load of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Respiratory Aerosols Emitted by Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) While Breathing, Talking, and Singing
© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissionsoup.com..
BACKGROUND: Multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) superspreading events suggest that aerosols play an important role in driving the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To better understand how airborne SARS-CoV-2 transmission occurs, we sought to determine viral loads within coarse (>5 μm) and fine (≤5 μm) respiratory aerosols produced when breathing, talking, and singing.
METHODS: Using a G-II exhaled breath collector, we measured viral RNA in coarse and fine respiratory aerosols emitted by COVID-19 patients during 30 minutes of breathing, 15 minutes of talking, and 15 minutes of singing.
RESULTS: Thirteen participants (59%) emitted detectable levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in respiratory aerosols, including 3 asymptomatic and 1 presymptomatic patient. Viral loads ranged from 63-5821 N gene copies per expiratory activity per participant, with high person-to-person variation. Patients earlier in illness were more likely to emit detectable RNA. Two participants, sampled on day 3 of illness, accounted for 52% of total viral load. Overall, 94% of SARS-CoV-2 RNA copies were emitted by talking and singing. Interestingly, 7 participants emitted more virus from talking than singing. Overall, fine aerosols constituted 85% of the viral load detected in our study. Virus cultures were negative.
CONCLUSIONS: Fine aerosols produced by talking and singing contain more SARS-CoV-2 copies than coarse aerosols and may play a significant role in SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Exposure to fine aerosols, especially indoors, should be mitigated. Isolating viable SARS-CoV-2 from respiratory aerosol samples remains challenging; whether this can be more easily accomplished for emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants is an urgent enquiry necessitating larger-scale studies.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2022 |
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| Erschienen: |
2022 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:74 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America - 74(2022), 10 vom: 30. Mai, Seite 1722-1728 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Coleman, Kristen K [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Aerosol transmission |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 02.06.2022 Date Revised 21.06.2022 published: Print Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1093/cid/ciab691 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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NLM329025600 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Coleman, Kristen K |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Viral Load of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Respiratory Aerosols Emitted by Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) While Breathing, Talking, and Singing |
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| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissionsoup.com. | ||
| 520 | |a BACKGROUND: Multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) superspreading events suggest that aerosols play an important role in driving the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To better understand how airborne SARS-CoV-2 transmission occurs, we sought to determine viral loads within coarse (>5 μm) and fine (≤5 μm) respiratory aerosols produced when breathing, talking, and singing | ||
| 520 | |a METHODS: Using a G-II exhaled breath collector, we measured viral RNA in coarse and fine respiratory aerosols emitted by COVID-19 patients during 30 minutes of breathing, 15 minutes of talking, and 15 minutes of singing | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: Thirteen participants (59%) emitted detectable levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in respiratory aerosols, including 3 asymptomatic and 1 presymptomatic patient. Viral loads ranged from 63-5821 N gene copies per expiratory activity per participant, with high person-to-person variation. Patients earlier in illness were more likely to emit detectable RNA. Two participants, sampled on day 3 of illness, accounted for 52% of total viral load. Overall, 94% of SARS-CoV-2 RNA copies were emitted by talking and singing. Interestingly, 7 participants emitted more virus from talking than singing. Overall, fine aerosols constituted 85% of the viral load detected in our study. Virus cultures were negative | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSIONS: Fine aerosols produced by talking and singing contain more SARS-CoV-2 copies than coarse aerosols and may play a significant role in SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Exposure to fine aerosols, especially indoors, should be mitigated. Isolating viable SARS-CoV-2 from respiratory aerosol samples remains challenging; whether this can be more easily accomplished for emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants is an urgent enquiry necessitating larger-scale studies | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a SARS-CoV-2 | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 | |
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| 650 | 7 | |a RNA, Viral |2 NLM | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Tay, Douglas Jie Wen |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Tan, Kai Sen |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ong, Sean Wei Xiang |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Than, The Son |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Koh, Ming Hui |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chin, Yi Qing |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Nasir, Haziq |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Mak, Tze Minn |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chu, Justin Jang Hann |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Milton, Donald K |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chow, Vincent T K |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Tambyah, Paul Anantharajah |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chen, Mark |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Tham, Kwok Wai |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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