Classification of Aflatoxin B1 Concentration of Single Maize Kernel Based on Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging and Feature Selection
A rapid and nondestructive method is greatly important for the classification of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) concentration of single maize kernel to satisfy the ever-growing needs of consumers for food safety. A novel method for classification of AFB1 concentration of single maize kernel was developed on the basis of the near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging (1100-2000 nm). Four groups of AFB1 samples with different concentrations (10, 20, 50, and 100 ppb) and one group of control samples were prepared, which were preprocessed with Savitzky-Golay (SG) smoothing and first derivative (FD) algorithms for their raw NIR spectra. A key wavelength selection method, combining the variance and order of average spectral intensity, was proposed on the basis of pretreated spectra. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to reduce the dimensionality of hyperspectral data. Finally, a classification model for AFB1 concentrations was developed through linear discriminant analysis (LDA), combined with five key wavelengths and the first three PCs. The results show that the proposed method achieved an ideal performance for classifying AFB1 concentrations in a single maize kernel with overall accuracy, with an F1-score and Kappa values of 95.56%, 0.9554, and 0.9444, respectively, as well as the test accuracy yield of 88.67% for independent validation samples. The combinations of variance and order of average spectral intensity can be used for key wavelength selection which, combined with PCA, can achieve an ideal dimensionality reduction effect for model development. The findings of this study have positive significance for the classification of AFB1 concentration of maize kernels.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
|---|
| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2021 |
|---|---|
| Erschienen: |
2021 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:21 |
|---|---|
| Enthalten in: |
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) - 21(2021), 13 vom: 22. Juni |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
|---|
| Beteiligte Personen: |
Zhou, Quan [VerfasserIn] |
|---|
| Links: |
|---|
| Themen: |
9N2N2Y55MH |
|---|
| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 06.07.2021 Date Revised 12.07.2021 published: Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
|---|
| doi: |
10.3390/s21134257 |
|---|
| funding: |
|
|---|---|
| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
|
| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM327529989 |
|---|
| LEADER | 01000naa a22002652 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | NLM327529989 | ||
| 003 | DE-627 | ||
| 005 | 20231225201003.0 | ||
| 007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 231225s2021 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.3390/s21134257 |2 doi | |
| 028 | 5 | 2 | |a pubmed24n1091.xml |
| 035 | |a (DE-627)NLM327529989 | ||
| 035 | |a (NLM)34206281 | ||
| 035 | |a (PII)4257 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | |a eng | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Zhou, Quan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Classification of Aflatoxin B1 Concentration of Single Maize Kernel Based on Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging and Feature Selection |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2021 | |
| 336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a ƒaComputermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a ƒa Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Date Completed 06.07.2021 | ||
| 500 | |a Date Revised 12.07.2021 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a A rapid and nondestructive method is greatly important for the classification of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) concentration of single maize kernel to satisfy the ever-growing needs of consumers for food safety. A novel method for classification of AFB1 concentration of single maize kernel was developed on the basis of the near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging (1100-2000 nm). Four groups of AFB1 samples with different concentrations (10, 20, 50, and 100 ppb) and one group of control samples were prepared, which were preprocessed with Savitzky-Golay (SG) smoothing and first derivative (FD) algorithms for their raw NIR spectra. A key wavelength selection method, combining the variance and order of average spectral intensity, was proposed on the basis of pretreated spectra. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to reduce the dimensionality of hyperspectral data. Finally, a classification model for AFB1 concentrations was developed through linear discriminant analysis (LDA), combined with five key wavelengths and the first three PCs. The results show that the proposed method achieved an ideal performance for classifying AFB1 concentrations in a single maize kernel with overall accuracy, with an F1-score and Kappa values of 95.56%, 0.9554, and 0.9444, respectively, as well as the test accuracy yield of 88.67% for independent validation samples. The combinations of variance and order of average spectral intensity can be used for key wavelength selection which, combined with PCA, can achieve an ideal dimensionality reduction effect for model development. The findings of this study have positive significance for the classification of AFB1 concentration of maize kernels | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a aflatoxin B1 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a dimensionality reduction | |
| 650 | 4 | |a hyperspectral image | |
| 650 | 4 | |a key wavelength selection | |
| 650 | 4 | |a maize kernel | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Aflatoxin B1 |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a 9N2N2Y55MH |2 NLM | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Huang, Wenqian |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Liang, Dong |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Tian, Xi |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) |d 2007 |g 21(2021), 13 vom: 22. Juni |w (DE-627)NLM187985170 |x 1424-8220 |7 nnns |
| 773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:21 |g year:2021 |g number:13 |g day:22 |g month:06 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134257 |3 Volltext |
| 912 | |a GBV_USEFLAG_A | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_NLM | ||
| 951 | |a AR | ||
| 952 | |d 21 |j 2021 |e 13 |b 22 |c 06 | ||