Scavenging of soluble and immobilized CCL21 by ACKR4 regulates peripheral dendritic cell emigration
Leukocyte homing driven by the chemokine CCL21 is pivotal for adaptive immunity because it controls dendritic cell (DC) and T cell migration through CCR7. ACKR4 scavenges CCL21 and has been shown to play an essential role in DC trafficking at the steady state and during immune responses to tumors and cutaneous inflammation. However, the mechanism by which ACKR4 regulates peripheral DC migration is unknown, and the extent to which it regulates CCL21 in steady-state skin and lymph nodes (LNs) is contested. Specifically, our previous findings that CCL21 levels are increased in LNs of ACKR4-deficient mice [I. Comerford et al., Blood 116, 4130-4140 (2010)] were refuted [M. H. Ulvmar et al., Nat. Immunol. 15, 623-630 (2014)], and no differences in CCL21 levels in steady-state skin of ACKR4-deficient mice were reported despite compromised CCR7-dependent DC egress in these animals [S. A. Bryce et al., J. Immunol. 196, 3341-3353 (2016)]. Here, we resolve these issues and reveal that two forms of CCL21, full-length immobilized and cleaved soluble CCL21, exist in steady-state barrier tissues, and both are regulated by ACKR4. Without ACKR4, extracellular CCL21 gradients in barrier sites are saturated and nonfunctional, DCs cannot home directly to lymphatic vessels, and excess soluble CCL21 from peripheral tissues pollutes downstream LNs. The results identify the mechanism by which ACKR4 controls DC migration in barrier tissues and reveal a complex mode of CCL21 regulation in vivo, which enhances understanding of functional chemokine gradient formation.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2021 |
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| Erschienen: |
2021 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:118 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - 118(2021), 17 vom: 27. Apr. |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Bastow, Cameron R [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Ackr4 protein, mouse |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 30.11.2021 Date Revised 26.02.2024 published: Print Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1073/pnas.2025763118 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM324301855 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Bastow, Cameron R |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Scavenging of soluble and immobilized CCL21 by ACKR4 regulates peripheral dendritic cell emigration |
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| 500 | |a Date Revised 26.02.2024 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a Leukocyte homing driven by the chemokine CCL21 is pivotal for adaptive immunity because it controls dendritic cell (DC) and T cell migration through CCR7. ACKR4 scavenges CCL21 and has been shown to play an essential role in DC trafficking at the steady state and during immune responses to tumors and cutaneous inflammation. However, the mechanism by which ACKR4 regulates peripheral DC migration is unknown, and the extent to which it regulates CCL21 in steady-state skin and lymph nodes (LNs) is contested. Specifically, our previous findings that CCL21 levels are increased in LNs of ACKR4-deficient mice [I. Comerford et al., Blood 116, 4130-4140 (2010)] were refuted [M. H. Ulvmar et al., Nat. Immunol. 15, 623-630 (2014)], and no differences in CCL21 levels in steady-state skin of ACKR4-deficient mice were reported despite compromised CCR7-dependent DC egress in these animals [S. A. Bryce et al., J. Immunol. 196, 3341-3353 (2016)]. Here, we resolve these issues and reveal that two forms of CCL21, full-length immobilized and cleaved soluble CCL21, exist in steady-state barrier tissues, and both are regulated by ACKR4. Without ACKR4, extracellular CCL21 gradients in barrier sites are saturated and nonfunctional, DCs cannot home directly to lymphatic vessels, and excess soluble CCL21 from peripheral tissues pollutes downstream LNs. The results identify the mechanism by which ACKR4 controls DC migration in barrier tissues and reveal a complex mode of CCL21 regulation in vivo, which enhances understanding of functional chemokine gradient formation | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Video-Audio Media | |
| 650 | 4 | |a atypical chemokine receptors | |
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| 650 | 7 | |a Chemokine CCL21 |2 NLM | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Bunting, Mark D |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kara, Ervin E |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a McKenzie, Duncan R |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Caon, Adriana |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Devi, Sapna |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Tolley, Lynn |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Mueller, Scott N |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Frazer, Ian H |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Harvey, Natasha |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Condina, Mark R |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Young, Clifford |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hoffmann, Peter |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a McColl, Shaun R |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Comerford, Iain |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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