Associations between COVID-19 Incidence Rates and the Exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 : A Nationwide Observational Study in Italy
The COVID-19 outbreak disproportionately affected the elderly and areas with higher population density. Among the multiple factors possibly involved, a role for air pollution has also been hypothesized. This nationwide observational study demonstrated the significant positive relationship between COVID-19 incidence rates and PM2.5 and NO2 levels in Italy, both considering the period 2016-2020 and the months of the epidemic, through univariate regression models, after logarithmic transformation of the variables, as the data were not normally distributed. That relationship was confirmed by a multivariate analysis showing the combined effect of the two pollutants, adjusted for the old-age index and population density. An increase in PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations by one unit (1 µg/m3) corresponded to an increase in incidence rates of 1.56 and 1.24 × 104 people, respectively, taking into account the average levels of air pollutants in the period 2016-2020, and 2.79 and 1.24 × 104 people during March-May 2020. Considering the entire epidemic period (March-October 2020), these increases were 1.05 and 1.01 × 104 people, respectively, and could explain 59% of the variance in COVID-19 incidence rates (R2 = 0.59). This evidence could support the implementation of targeted responses by focusing on areas with low air quality to mitigate the spread of the disease.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2020 |
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| Erschienen: |
2020 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:17 |
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| Enthalten in: |
International journal of environmental research and public health - 17(2020), 24 vom: 13. Dez. |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Fiasca, Fabiana [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 22.12.2020 Date Revised 10.11.2023 published: Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.3390/ijerph17249318 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM318872293 |
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| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a The COVID-19 outbreak disproportionately affected the elderly and areas with higher population density. Among the multiple factors possibly involved, a role for air pollution has also been hypothesized. This nationwide observational study demonstrated the significant positive relationship between COVID-19 incidence rates and PM2.5 and NO2 levels in Italy, both considering the period 2016-2020 and the months of the epidemic, through univariate regression models, after logarithmic transformation of the variables, as the data were not normally distributed. That relationship was confirmed by a multivariate analysis showing the combined effect of the two pollutants, adjusted for the old-age index and population density. An increase in PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations by one unit (1 µg/m3) corresponded to an increase in incidence rates of 1.56 and 1.24 × 104 people, respectively, taking into account the average levels of air pollutants in the period 2016-2020, and 2.79 and 1.24 × 104 people during March-May 2020. Considering the entire epidemic period (March-October 2020), these increases were 1.05 and 1.01 × 104 people, respectively, and could explain 59% of the variance in COVID-19 incidence rates (R2 = 0.59). This evidence could support the implementation of targeted responses by focusing on areas with low air quality to mitigate the spread of the disease | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Necozione, Stefano |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Mattei, Antonella |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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