Cryptococcal infection in HIV-infected patients with CD4+ T-cell counts under 100/μL diagnosed in a high-income country : a multicentre cohort study
Copyright © 2020 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved..
OBJECTIVES: The World Health Organization recommends routinely screening HIV-infected patients with CD4+ T-cell counts <100/μL for cryptococcal infection to prevent cryptococcal meningitis (CM), based on studies in Sub-Saharan Africa where the prevalence of positive cryptococcal antigen (CrAg+) is ≥ 3% in this subgroup. Data about such prevalence in Spain are unavailable and rare in other European countries. Thus, the Spanish AIDS Study Group guidelines do not recommend routinely screening. We aim to determine the prevalence and outcomes of cryptococcal infection in this subgroup of patients in Spain.
METHODS: We determined CrAg using a lateral flow assay in banked plasma from participants in the cohort of the Spanish AIDS Research Network. Eligible patients had CD4+ T-cell counts ≤100/μL at the time of plasma collection and a follow-up >4 weeks, unless they died.
RESULTS: We included 576 patients from June 2004 to December 2017. Of these, 43 were CrAg+ for an overall prevalence of 7.5%. There were no differences depending on birthplace. The CrAg+ was independently associated with a higher mortality at eight weeks (hazard ratio (HR) 5.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.46-19.56) and 6 months (HR 3.12, 95% CI 1.19-8.21). CM was reported in 10 of the 43 CrAg+ patients. There were no cases among negatives. Five patients had CM when the plasma was collected and five developed it during the follow-up. The number of subjects needed to screen to anticipate the diagnosis of one CM case was 114.
CONCLUSIONS: The CrAg+ prevalence among HIV-infected patients with CD4+ T-cell counts ≤100/μL diagnosed in Spain, both immigrants and native-born Spanish, is >7%. Consequently, the Spanish AIDS Study Group guidelines have to be updated and recommend routine screening for cryptococcal infection in these patients. Future studies should explore whether this recommendation could be firmly applied to other European populations.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2021 |
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| Erschienen: |
2021 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:27 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases - 27(2021), 8 vom: 01. Aug., Seite 1171.e1-1171.e7 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Pérez-Jacoiste Asín, María Asunción [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Antifungal Agents |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 07.01.2022 Date Revised 07.01.2022 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.053 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM316392901 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Cryptococcal infection in HIV-infected patients with CD4+ T-cell counts under 100/μL diagnosed in a high-income country |b a multicentre cohort study |
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| 500 | |a Date Revised 07.01.2022 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a Copyright © 2020 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | ||
| 520 | |a OBJECTIVES: The World Health Organization recommends routinely screening HIV-infected patients with CD4+ T-cell counts <100/μL for cryptococcal infection to prevent cryptococcal meningitis (CM), based on studies in Sub-Saharan Africa where the prevalence of positive cryptococcal antigen (CrAg+) is ≥ 3% in this subgroup. Data about such prevalence in Spain are unavailable and rare in other European countries. Thus, the Spanish AIDS Study Group guidelines do not recommend routinely screening. We aim to determine the prevalence and outcomes of cryptococcal infection in this subgroup of patients in Spain | ||
| 520 | |a METHODS: We determined CrAg using a lateral flow assay in banked plasma from participants in the cohort of the Spanish AIDS Research Network. Eligible patients had CD4+ T-cell counts ≤100/μL at the time of plasma collection and a follow-up >4 weeks, unless they died | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: We included 576 patients from June 2004 to December 2017. Of these, 43 were CrAg+ for an overall prevalence of 7.5%. There were no differences depending on birthplace. The CrAg+ was independently associated with a higher mortality at eight weeks (hazard ratio (HR) 5.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.46-19.56) and 6 months (HR 3.12, 95% CI 1.19-8.21). CM was reported in 10 of the 43 CrAg+ patients. There were no cases among negatives. Five patients had CM when the plasma was collected and five developed it during the follow-up. The number of subjects needed to screen to anticipate the diagnosis of one CM case was 114 | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSIONS: The CrAg+ prevalence among HIV-infected patients with CD4+ T-cell counts ≤100/μL diagnosed in Spain, both immigrants and native-born Spanish, is >7%. Consequently, the Spanish AIDS Study Group guidelines have to be updated and recommend routine screening for cryptococcal infection in these patients. Future studies should explore whether this recommendation could be firmly applied to other European populations | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Multicenter Study | |
| 650 | 4 | |a CD4(+)T-cell count | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Cryptococcal antigen | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Cryptococcal infection | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a High-income countries | |
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| 650 | 7 | |a Antigens, Fungal |2 NLM | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Iribarren, José Antonio |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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