The Immune Response and Immunopathology of COVID-19
Copyright © 2020 Mortaz, Tabarsi, Varahram, Folkerts and Adcock..
Coronaviruses were first discovered in the 1960s and are named due to their crown-like shape. Sometimes, but not often, a coronavirus can infect both animals and humans. An acute respiratory disease, caused by a novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 or SARS-CoV-2 previously known as 2019-nCoV) was identified as the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as it spread throughout China and subsequently across the globe. As of 14th July 2020, a total of 13.1 million confirmed cases globally and 572,426 deaths had been reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the β-coronavirus family and shares extensive genomic identity with bat coronavirus suggesting that bats are the natural host. SARS-CoV-2 uses the same receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), as that for SARS-CoV, the coronavirus associated with the SARS outbreak in 2003. It mainly spreads through the respiratory tract with lymphopenia and cytokine storms occuring in the blood of subjects with severe disease. This suggests the existence of immunological dysregulation as an accompanying event during severe illness caused by this virus. The early recognition of this immunological phenotype could assist prompt recognition of patients who will progress to severe disease. Here we review the data of the immune response during COVID-19 infection. The current review summarizes our understanding of how immune dysregulation and altered cytokine networks contribute to the pathophysiology of COVID-19 patients.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
|---|
| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2020 |
|---|---|
| Erschienen: |
2020 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:11 |
|---|---|
| Enthalten in: |
Frontiers in immunology - 11(2020) vom: 15., Seite 2037 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
|---|
| Beteiligte Personen: |
Mortaz, Esmaeil [VerfasserIn] |
|---|
| Links: |
|---|
| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 14.10.2020 Date Revised 11.02.2024 published: Electronic-eCollection Citation Status MEDLINE |
|---|
| doi: |
10.3389/fimmu.2020.02037 |
|---|
| funding: |
|
|---|---|
| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
|
| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM315538724 |
|---|
| LEADER | 01000caa a22002652 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | NLM315538724 | ||
| 003 | DE-627 | ||
| 005 | 20240211231835.0 | ||
| 007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 231225s2020 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02037 |2 doi | |
| 028 | 5 | 2 | |a pubmed24n1288.xml |
| 035 | |a (DE-627)NLM315538724 | ||
| 035 | |a (NLM)32983152 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | |a eng | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Mortaz, Esmaeil |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 4 | |a The Immune Response and Immunopathology of COVID-19 |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2020 | |
| 336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a ƒaComputermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a ƒa Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Date Completed 14.10.2020 | ||
| 500 | |a Date Revised 11.02.2024 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Electronic-eCollection | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a Copyright © 2020 Mortaz, Tabarsi, Varahram, Folkerts and Adcock. | ||
| 520 | |a Coronaviruses were first discovered in the 1960s and are named due to their crown-like shape. Sometimes, but not often, a coronavirus can infect both animals and humans. An acute respiratory disease, caused by a novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 or SARS-CoV-2 previously known as 2019-nCoV) was identified as the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as it spread throughout China and subsequently across the globe. As of 14th July 2020, a total of 13.1 million confirmed cases globally and 572,426 deaths had been reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the β-coronavirus family and shares extensive genomic identity with bat coronavirus suggesting that bats are the natural host. SARS-CoV-2 uses the same receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), as that for SARS-CoV, the coronavirus associated with the SARS outbreak in 2003. It mainly spreads through the respiratory tract with lymphopenia and cytokine storms occuring in the blood of subjects with severe disease. This suggests the existence of immunological dysregulation as an accompanying event during severe illness caused by this virus. The early recognition of this immunological phenotype could assist prompt recognition of patients who will progress to severe disease. Here we review the data of the immune response during COVID-19 infection. The current review summarizes our understanding of how immune dysregulation and altered cytokine networks contribute to the pathophysiology of COVID-19 patients | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Review | |
| 650 | 4 | |a IL-6 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a SARS-CoV | |
| 650 | 4 | |a SARS-CoV-2 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a coronavirus | |
| 650 | 4 | |a cytokines storm | |
| 650 | 4 | |a pathogenesis | |
| 650 | 7 | |a IL6 protein, human |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Interleukin-6 |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a EC 3.4.15.1 |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a ACE2 protein, human |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a EC 3.4.17.23 |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a EC 3.4.17.23 |2 NLM | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Tabarsi, Payam |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Varahram, Mohammad |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Folkerts, Gert |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Adcock, Ian M |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t Frontiers in immunology |d 2010 |g 11(2020) vom: 15., Seite 2037 |w (DE-627)NLM215811453 |x 1664-3224 |7 nnns |
| 773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:11 |g year:2020 |g day:15 |g pages:2037 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.02037 |3 Volltext |
| 912 | |a GBV_USEFLAG_A | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_NLM | ||
| 951 | |a AR | ||
| 952 | |d 11 |j 2020 |b 15 |h 2037 | ||