Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against halitosis in adolescent patients undergoing orthodontic treatment
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved..
PURPOSE: The aim of the present randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on halitosis in adolescent patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five adolescents with halitosis undergoing orthodontic treatment were equally randomized into three groups: Group - I: provision of treatment through PDT on dorsum of tongue; Group - II: provision of treatment with the help of tongue scrappers (TS); Group - III: provision of treatment with the help of TS and adjunctive PDT. Presence of halitosis confirmed on the basis of gas chromatography and estimation of oral malodour with a cysteine challenge and H2S values recorded ≥112 parts per billion (ppb). A portable device Oral Chroma™ was used for performing breath analysis. A total of 5 bacterial species including P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, P. intermedia, T. forsythia and T. denticola were studied as the proportion of sites defined as having ≥1.0 × 105 bacterial cells.
RESULTS: The mean age of the participants in Group-I, II and III were 15.4 years, 13.8 years, and 14.2 years, respectively. The median values for Group-I, II and III at initial breath analysis were 874 ppb, 613 ppb and 1089 ppb, respectively. After treatment with the respective therapeutic modalities, a statistically significant difference was seen among groups after 2-weeks (p < 0.0001) (Table 3). After applying Kruskal-Wallis test, group-III showed the highest amount of reduction in H2S concentration (100 %) at final 2-weeks breath analysis compared to group-I and group-II (p = 0.0001). Descriptive statistics for all bacteria showed that group-III (TS + PDT) statistically significantly reduced the proportional distribution of all bacteria at 2-week follow-up (p < 0.0001) compared to group-I or group-II.
CONCLUSION: PDT along with tongue scrapping showed effective immediate reduction of H2S concentration and reduction of oral pathogens in adolescent patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment with short-term follow up. Long-term evaluation and complete eradication of halitosis needs to be explored in further clinical trials. In addition, the cost of PDT and its potential side effects should not be disregarded.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2020 |
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| Erschienen: |
2020 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:32 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy - 32(2020) vom: 17. Dez., Seite 102019 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Alshahrani, Abdul Aziz [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Anti-Infective Agents |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 14.05.2021 Date Revised 14.05.2021 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102019 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM315220910 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Alshahrani, Abdul Aziz |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against halitosis in adolescent patients undergoing orthodontic treatment |
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| 500 | |a Date Revised 14.05.2021 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | ||
| 520 | |a PURPOSE: The aim of the present randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on halitosis in adolescent patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment | ||
| 520 | |a MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five adolescents with halitosis undergoing orthodontic treatment were equally randomized into three groups: Group - I: provision of treatment through PDT on dorsum of tongue; Group - II: provision of treatment with the help of tongue scrappers (TS); Group - III: provision of treatment with the help of TS and adjunctive PDT. Presence of halitosis confirmed on the basis of gas chromatography and estimation of oral malodour with a cysteine challenge and H2S values recorded ≥112 parts per billion (ppb). A portable device Oral Chroma™ was used for performing breath analysis. A total of 5 bacterial species including P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, P. intermedia, T. forsythia and T. denticola were studied as the proportion of sites defined as having ≥1.0 × 105 bacterial cells | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: The mean age of the participants in Group-I, II and III were 15.4 years, 13.8 years, and 14.2 years, respectively. The median values for Group-I, II and III at initial breath analysis were 874 ppb, 613 ppb and 1089 ppb, respectively. After treatment with the respective therapeutic modalities, a statistically significant difference was seen among groups after 2-weeks (p < 0.0001) (Table 3). After applying Kruskal-Wallis test, group-III showed the highest amount of reduction in H2S concentration (100 %) at final 2-weeks breath analysis compared to group-I and group-II (p = 0.0001). Descriptive statistics for all bacteria showed that group-III (TS + PDT) statistically significantly reduced the proportional distribution of all bacteria at 2-week follow-up (p < 0.0001) compared to group-I or group-II | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSION: PDT along with tongue scrapping showed effective immediate reduction of H2S concentration and reduction of oral pathogens in adolescent patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment with short-term follow up. Long-term evaluation and complete eradication of halitosis needs to be explored in further clinical trials. In addition, the cost of PDT and its potential side effects should not be disregarded | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Randomized Controlled Trial | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Bacteria | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Halitosis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Orthodontic treatment | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Photodynamic therapy | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Tongue | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Anti-Infective Agents |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Photosensitizing Agents |2 NLM | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Alhaizaey, Ali |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kamran, Muhammad Abdullah |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Alshahrani, Ibrahim |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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