A fluid mechanics explanation of the effectiveness of common materials for respiratory masks
Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved..
OBJECTIVES: Face masks are an important component of personal protection equipment employed in preventing the spread of diseases such as COVID-19. As the supply of mass-produced masks has decreased, the use of homemade masks has become more prevalent. It is important to quantify the effectiveness of different types of materials to provide useful information, which should be considered for homemade masks.
METHODS: Filtration effects of different types of common materials were studied by measuring the aerosol droplet concentrations in the upstream and downstream regions. Flow-field characteristics of surrounding regions of tested materials were investigated using a laser-diagnostics technique, i.e., particle image velocimetry. The pressure difference across the tested materials was measured.
RESULTS: Measured aerosol concentrations indicated a breakup of large-size particles into smaller particles. Tested materials had higher filtration efficiency for large particles. Single-layer materials were less efficient, but they had a low pressure-drop. Multilayer materials could produce greater filtering efficiency with an increased pressure drop, which is an indicator of comfort level and breathability. The obtained flow-fields indicated a flow disruption downstream of the tested materials as the velocity magnitude noticeably decreased.
CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results provide an insight into flow-field characteristics and filtration efficiency of different types of household materials commonly used for homemade masks. This study allows comparison with mass-produced masks under consistent test conditions while employing several well-established techniques.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2020 |
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| Erschienen: |
2020 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:99 |
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| Enthalten in: |
International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases - 99(2020) vom: 29. Okt., Seite 505-513 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Maher, Blake [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Aerosol droplets |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 28.10.2020 Date Revised 29.03.2024 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.066 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| 500 | |a Date Revised 29.03.2024 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. | ||
| 520 | |a OBJECTIVES: Face masks are an important component of personal protection equipment employed in preventing the spread of diseases such as COVID-19. As the supply of mass-produced masks has decreased, the use of homemade masks has become more prevalent. It is important to quantify the effectiveness of different types of materials to provide useful information, which should be considered for homemade masks | ||
| 520 | |a METHODS: Filtration effects of different types of common materials were studied by measuring the aerosol droplet concentrations in the upstream and downstream regions. Flow-field characteristics of surrounding regions of tested materials were investigated using a laser-diagnostics technique, i.e., particle image velocimetry. The pressure difference across the tested materials was measured | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: Measured aerosol concentrations indicated a breakup of large-size particles into smaller particles. Tested materials had higher filtration efficiency for large particles. Single-layer materials were less efficient, but they had a low pressure-drop. Multilayer materials could produce greater filtering efficiency with an increased pressure drop, which is an indicator of comfort level and breathability. The obtained flow-fields indicated a flow disruption downstream of the tested materials as the velocity magnitude noticeably decreased | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results provide an insight into flow-field characteristics and filtration efficiency of different types of household materials commonly used for homemade masks. This study allows comparison with mass-produced masks under consistent test conditions while employing several well-established techniques | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Aerosol droplets | |
| 650 | 4 | |a COVID-19 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Face masks | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Filtration efficiency | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Flowfield characteristics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Household materials | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Pressure difference | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Respiratory masks | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Aerosols |2 NLM | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chavez, Reynaldo |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Tomaz, Gabriel C Q |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Nguyen, Thien |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hassan, Yassin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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