Axl receptor tyrosine kinase is a regulator of apolipoprotein E
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease. Apolipoprotein E (apoE), which carries lipids in the brain in the form of lipoproteins, plays an undisputed role in AD pathophysiology. A high-throughput phenotypic screen was conducted using a CCF-STTG1 human astrocytoma cell line to identify small molecules that could upregulate apoE secretion. AZ7235, a previously discovered Axl kinase inhibitor, was identified to have robust apoE activity in brain microglia, astrocytes and pericytes. AZ7235 also increased expression of ATP-binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1), which is involved in the lipidation and secretion of apoE. Moreover, AZ7235 did not exhibit Liver-X-Receptor (LXR) activity and stimulated apoE and ABCA1 expression in the absence of LXR. Target validation studies using AXL-/- CCF-STTG1 cells showed that Axl is required to mediate AZ7235 upregulation of apoE and ABCA1. Intriguingly, apoE expression and secretion was significantly attenuated in AXL-deficient CCF-STTG1 cells and reconstitution of Axl or kinase-dead Axl significantly restored apoE baseline levels, demonstrating that Axl also plays a role in maintaining apoE homeostasis in astrocytes independent of its kinase activity. Lastly, these effects may require human apoE regulatory sequences, as AZ7235 exhibited little stimulatory activity toward apoE and ABCA1 in primary murine glia derived from neonatal human APOE3 targeted-replacement mice. Collectively, we identified a small molecule that exhibits robust apoE and ABCA1 activity independent of the LXR pathway in human cells and elucidated a novel relationship between Axl and apoE homeostasis in human astrocytes.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2020 |
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| Erschienen: |
2020 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:13 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Molecular brain - 13(2020), 1 vom: 04. Mai, Seite 66 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Zhao, Wenchen [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 03.06.2021 Date Revised 07.12.2022 published: Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1186/s13041-020-00609-1 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM309498406 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Zhao, Wenchen |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Axl receptor tyrosine kinase is a regulator of apolipoprotein E |
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| 500 | |a Date Completed 03.06.2021 | ||
| 500 | |a Date Revised 07.12.2022 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease. Apolipoprotein E (apoE), which carries lipids in the brain in the form of lipoproteins, plays an undisputed role in AD pathophysiology. A high-throughput phenotypic screen was conducted using a CCF-STTG1 human astrocytoma cell line to identify small molecules that could upregulate apoE secretion. AZ7235, a previously discovered Axl kinase inhibitor, was identified to have robust apoE activity in brain microglia, astrocytes and pericytes. AZ7235 also increased expression of ATP-binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1), which is involved in the lipidation and secretion of apoE. Moreover, AZ7235 did not exhibit Liver-X-Receptor (LXR) activity and stimulated apoE and ABCA1 expression in the absence of LXR. Target validation studies using AXL-/- CCF-STTG1 cells showed that Axl is required to mediate AZ7235 upregulation of apoE and ABCA1. Intriguingly, apoE expression and secretion was significantly attenuated in AXL-deficient CCF-STTG1 cells and reconstitution of Axl or kinase-dead Axl significantly restored apoE baseline levels, demonstrating that Axl also plays a role in maintaining apoE homeostasis in astrocytes independent of its kinase activity. Lastly, these effects may require human apoE regulatory sequences, as AZ7235 exhibited little stimulatory activity toward apoE and ABCA1 in primary murine glia derived from neonatal human APOE3 targeted-replacement mice. Collectively, we identified a small molecule that exhibits robust apoE and ABCA1 activity independent of the LXR pathway in human cells and elucidated a novel relationship between Axl and apoE homeostasis in human astrocytes | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | |
| 650 | 4 | |a AXL | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Alzheimer’s disease | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Apolipoprotein E | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Astrocyte | |
| 650 | 7 | |a ABCA1 protein, human |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1 |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Apolipoproteins E |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Proto-Oncogene Proteins |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a EC 2.7.10.1 |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase |2 NLM | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Fan, Jianjia |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kulic, Iva |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Koh, Cheryl |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Clark, Amanda |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Meuller, Johan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Engkvist, Ola |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Barichievy, Samantha |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Raynoschek, Carina |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hicks, Ryan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Maresca, Marcello |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wang, Qi |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Brown, Dean G |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lok, Alvin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Parro, Cameron |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Robert, Jerome |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chou, Hsien-Ya |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zuhl, Andrea M |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wood, Michael W |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Brandon, Nicholas J |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wellington, Cheryl L |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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