United States Pharmacopeia (USP) comprehensive review of the hepatotoxicity of green tea extracts
© 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V..
As part of the United States Pharmacopeia's ongoing review of dietary supplement safety data, a new comprehensive systematic review on green tea extracts (GTE) has been completed. GTEs may contain hepatotoxic solvent residues, pesticide residues, pyrrolizidine alkaloids and elemental impurities, but no evidence of their involvement in GTE-induced liver injury was found during this review. GTE catechin profiles vary significantly with manufacturing processes. Animal and human data indicate that repeated oral administration of bolus doses of GTE during fasting significantly increases bioavailability of catechins, specifically EGCG, possibly involving saturation of first-pass elimination mechanisms. Toxicological studies show a hepatocellular pattern of liver injury. Published adverse event case reports associate hepatotoxicity with EGCG intake amounts from 140 mg to ∼1000 mg/day and substantial inter-individual variability in susceptibility, possibly due to genetic factors. Based on these findings, USP included a cautionary labeling requirement in its Powdered Decaffeinated Green Tea Extract monograph that reads as follows: "Do not take on an empty stomach. Take with food. Do not use if you have a liver problem and discontinue use and consult a healthcare practitioner if you develop symptoms of liver trouble, such as abdominal pain, dark urine, or jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).".
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2020 |
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| Erschienen: |
2020 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:7 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Toxicology reports - 7(2020) vom: 27., Seite 386-402 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Oketch-Rabah, Hellen A [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Revised 28.03.2024 published: Electronic-eCollection Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.02.008 |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM307288846 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a United States Pharmacopeia (USP) comprehensive review of the hepatotoxicity of green tea extracts |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2020 | |
| 336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a ƒaComputermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
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| 500 | |a Date Revised 28.03.2024 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Electronic-eCollection | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a © 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V. | ||
| 520 | |a As part of the United States Pharmacopeia's ongoing review of dietary supplement safety data, a new comprehensive systematic review on green tea extracts (GTE) has been completed. GTEs may contain hepatotoxic solvent residues, pesticide residues, pyrrolizidine alkaloids and elemental impurities, but no evidence of their involvement in GTE-induced liver injury was found during this review. GTE catechin profiles vary significantly with manufacturing processes. Animal and human data indicate that repeated oral administration of bolus doses of GTE during fasting significantly increases bioavailability of catechins, specifically EGCG, possibly involving saturation of first-pass elimination mechanisms. Toxicological studies show a hepatocellular pattern of liver injury. Published adverse event case reports associate hepatotoxicity with EGCG intake amounts from 140 mg to ∼1000 mg/day and substantial inter-individual variability in susceptibility, possibly due to genetic factors. Based on these findings, USP included a cautionary labeling requirement in its Powdered Decaffeinated Green Tea Extract monograph that reads as follows: "Do not take on an empty stomach. Take with food. Do not use if you have a liver problem and discontinue use and consult a healthcare practitioner if you develop symptoms of liver trouble, such as abdominal pain, dark urine, or jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes)." | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Review | |
| 650 | 4 | |a ADME, Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion | |
| 650 | 4 | |a ALP, alkaline phosphatase | |
| 650 | 4 | |a ALT, alanine aminotransferase | |
| 650 | 4 | |a AST, aspartate aminotransferase | |
| 650 | 4 | |a AUC, area under the curve | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Bw, body weight | |
| 650 | 4 | |a C, Catechin | |
| 650 | 4 | |a CAM, causality assessment method | |
| 650 | 4 | |a CG, (+)‐catechin‐3‐gallate | |
| 650 | 4 | |a CIH, Concanavalin A-induced hepatitis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a CMC, chemistry, manufacturing, and controls | |
| 650 | 4 | |a COMT, catechol‐O‐methyltransferase | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Camellia sinensis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a ConA, Concanavalin A | |
| 650 | 4 | |a DILI, drug‐induced liver injury | |
| 650 | 4 | |a DILIN, Drug‐Induced Liver Injury Network | |
| 650 | 4 | |a DO, Diversity Outbred | |
| 650 | 4 | |a DS, Dietary Supplement | |
| 650 | 4 | |a DSAE, JS3 USP Dietary Supplements Admission Evaluations Joint Standard-Setting Subcommittee | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Dietary supplements | |
| 650 | 4 | |a EC, (–)‐epicatechin | |
| 650 | 4 | |a ECG, (‐)‐epicatechin‐3‐gallate | |
| 650 | 4 | |a EFSA, European Food Safety Authority | |
| 650 | 4 | |a EGC, (–)‐epigallocatechin | |
| 650 | 4 | |a EGCG, (–)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate | |
| 650 | 4 | |a FDA, United States Food and Drug Administration | |
| 650 | 4 | |a GC, (+)‐gallocatechin | |
| 650 | 4 | |a GCG, (–)‐gallocatechin‐3‐gallate | |
| 650 | 4 | |a GT(E), green tea or green tea extract | |
| 650 | 4 | |a GT, green tea | |
| 650 | 4 | |a GTE, green tea extract | |
| 650 | 4 | |a GTEH, EP Green Tea Extract Hepatotoxicity Expert Panel | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Green tea | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Green tea extract | |
| 650 | 4 | |a HDS, herbal dietary supplement | |
| 650 | 4 | |a HPMC, Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Hepatotoxicity | |
| 650 | 4 | |a LD50, lethal dose, median | |
| 650 | 4 | |a LFT(s), liver function test(s) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a LT(s), Liver test(s) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Liver injury | |
| 650 | 4 | |a MGTT, Minnesota Green Tea Trial | |
| 650 | 4 | |a MIDS, multi-ingredient dietary supplement | |
| 650 | 4 | |a MRL, maximum residue limit | |
| 650 | 4 | |a NAA, N-acetyl aspartate | |
| 650 | 4 | |a NIDDK, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases | |
| 650 | 4 | |a NIH, National Institutes of Health | |
| 650 | 4 | |a NOAEL, no observed adverse effect level | |
| 650 | 4 | |a NTP, National Toxicology Program | |
| 650 | 4 | |a OSM, online supplementary material | |
| 650 | 4 | |a PAs, Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids | |
| 650 | 4 | |a PD-1, Programmed death domain-1 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a PDGTE, powdered decaffeinated green tea extract | |
| 650 | 4 | |a PK/PD, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a RUCAM, Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method | |
| 650 | 4 | |a SIDS, single-ingredient dietary supplement | |
| 650 | 4 | |a TGF-beta, Transforming growth factor beta | |
| 650 | 4 | |a USP, United States Pharmacopeia | |
| 650 | 4 | |a γ-GT, Gamma-glutamyl transferase | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Roe, Amy L |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Rider, Cynthia V |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bonkovsky, Herbert L |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Giancaspro, Gabriel I |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Navarro, Victor |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Paine, Mary F |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Betz, Joseph M |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Marles, Robin J |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Casper, Steven |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gurley, Bill |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Jordan, Scott A |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a He, Kan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kapoor, Mahendra P |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Rao, Theertham P |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Sherker, Averell H |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Fontana, Robert J |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Rossi, Simona |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Vuppalanchi, Raj |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Seeff, Leonard B |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Stolz, Andrew |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ahmad, Jawad |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Koh, Christopher |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Serrano, Jose |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Low Dog, Tieraona |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ko, Richard |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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