Pharmacokinetic profile of amoxicillin and its glucuronide-like metabolite when administered subcutaneously to koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)
© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd..
Amoxicillin was administered as a single subcutaneous injection at 12.5 mg/kg to four koalas and changes in amoxicillin plasma concentrations over 24 hr were quantified. Amoxicillin had a relatively low average ± SD maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) of 1.72 ± 0.47 µg/ml; at an average ± SD time to reach Cmax (Tmax ) of 2.25 ± 1.26 hr, and an elimination half-life of 4.38 ± 2.40 hr. The pharmacokinetic profile indicated relatively poor subcutaneous absorption. A metabolite was also identified, likely associated with glucuronic acid conjugation. Bacterial growth inhibition assays demonstrated that all plasma samples other than t = 0 hr, inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 to some extent. Calculated pharmacokinetic indices were used to predict whether this dose could attain a plasma concentration to inhibit some susceptible Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens. It was predicted that a twice daily dose of 12.5 mg/kg would be efficacious to inhibit susceptible bacteria with an amoxicillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤ 0.75 µg/ml such as susceptible Bordetella bronchiseptica, E. coli, Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. pathogens.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2020 |
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| Erschienen: |
2020 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:43 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics - 43(2020), 2 vom: 16. März, Seite 115-122 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Kimble, Benjamin [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
804826J2HU |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 24.12.2020 Date Revised 24.12.2020 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1111/jvp.12767 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM298009420 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Kimble, Benjamin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Pharmacokinetic profile of amoxicillin and its glucuronide-like metabolite when administered subcutaneously to koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) |
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| 500 | |a Date Completed 24.12.2020 | ||
| 500 | |a Date Revised 24.12.2020 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. | ||
| 520 | |a Amoxicillin was administered as a single subcutaneous injection at 12.5 mg/kg to four koalas and changes in amoxicillin plasma concentrations over 24 hr were quantified. Amoxicillin had a relatively low average ± SD maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) of 1.72 ± 0.47 µg/ml; at an average ± SD time to reach Cmax (Tmax ) of 2.25 ± 1.26 hr, and an elimination half-life of 4.38 ± 2.40 hr. The pharmacokinetic profile indicated relatively poor subcutaneous absorption. A metabolite was also identified, likely associated with glucuronic acid conjugation. Bacterial growth inhibition assays demonstrated that all plasma samples other than t = 0 hr, inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 to some extent. Calculated pharmacokinetic indices were used to predict whether this dose could attain a plasma concentration to inhibit some susceptible Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens. It was predicted that a twice daily dose of 12.5 mg/kg would be efficacious to inhibit susceptible bacteria with an amoxicillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤ 0.75 µg/ml such as susceptible Bordetella bronchiseptica, E. coli, Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. pathogens | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Phascolarctos cinereus | |
| 650 | 4 | |a amoxicillin | |
| 650 | 4 | |a koala | |
| 650 | 4 | |a metabolite | |
| 650 | 4 | |a pharmacokinetic | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Anti-Bacterial Agents |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Blood Proteins |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Glucuronides |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Amoxicillin |2 NLM | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Vogelnest, Larry |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gharibi, Soraya |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Izes, Aaron M |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Govendir, Merran |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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