Structurally assisted super black in colourful peacock spiders
Male peacock spiders ( Maratus, Salticidae) compete to attract female mates using elaborate, sexually selected displays. They evolved both brilliant colour and velvety black. Here, we use scanning electron microscopy, hyperspectral imaging and finite-difference time-domain optical modelling to investigate the deep black surfaces of peacock spiders. We found that super black regions reflect less than 0.5% of light (for a 30° collection angle) in Maratus speciosus (0.44%) and Maratus karrie (0.35%) owing to microscale structures. Both species evolved unusually high, tightly packed cuticular bumps (microlens arrays), and M. karrie has an additional dense covering of black brush-like scales atop the cuticle. Our optical models show that the radius and height of spider microlenses achieve a balance between (i) decreased surface reflectance and (ii) enhanced melanin absorption (through multiple scattering, diffraction out of the acceptance cone of female eyes and increased path length of light through absorbing melanin pigments). The birds of paradise (Paradiseidae), ecological analogues of peacock spiders, also evolved super black near bright colour patches. Super black locally eliminates white specular highlights, reference points used to calibrate colour perception, making nearby colours appear brighter, even luminous, to vertebrates. We propose that this pre-existing, qualitative sensory experience-'sensory bias'-is also found in spiders, leading to the convergent evolution of super black for mating displays in jumping spiders.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2019 |
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| Erschienen: |
2019 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:286 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Proceedings. Biological sciences - 286(2019), 1902 vom: 15. Mai, Seite 20190589 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
McCoy, Dakota E [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Journal Article |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 28.04.2020 Date Revised 09.01.2021 published: Print Dryad: 10.5061/dryad.m9n940m figshare: 10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4486193 Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1098/rspb.2019.0589 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM29707038X |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Structurally assisted super black in colourful peacock spiders |
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| 500 | |a Date Revised 09.01.2021 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print | ||
| 500 | |a Dryad: 10.5061/dryad.m9n940m | ||
| 500 | |a figshare: 10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4486193 | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a Male peacock spiders ( Maratus, Salticidae) compete to attract female mates using elaborate, sexually selected displays. They evolved both brilliant colour and velvety black. Here, we use scanning electron microscopy, hyperspectral imaging and finite-difference time-domain optical modelling to investigate the deep black surfaces of peacock spiders. We found that super black regions reflect less than 0.5% of light (for a 30° collection angle) in Maratus speciosus (0.44%) and Maratus karrie (0.35%) owing to microscale structures. Both species evolved unusually high, tightly packed cuticular bumps (microlens arrays), and M. karrie has an additional dense covering of black brush-like scales atop the cuticle. Our optical models show that the radius and height of spider microlenses achieve a balance between (i) decreased surface reflectance and (ii) enhanced melanin absorption (through multiple scattering, diffraction out of the acceptance cone of female eyes and increased path length of light through absorbing melanin pigments). The birds of paradise (Paradiseidae), ecological analogues of peacock spiders, also evolved super black near bright colour patches. Super black locally eliminates white specular highlights, reference points used to calibrate colour perception, making nearby colours appear brighter, even luminous, to vertebrates. We propose that this pre-existing, qualitative sensory experience-'sensory bias'-is also found in spiders, leading to the convergent evolution of super black for mating displays in jumping spiders | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. | |
| 650 | 4 | |a microlens arrays | |
| 650 | 4 | |a peacock spiders | |
| 650 | 4 | |a sexual selection | |
| 650 | 4 | |a structural colour | |
| 700 | 1 | |a McCoy, Victoria E |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Mandsberg, Nikolaj K |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Shneidman, Anna V |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Aizenberg, Joanna |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Prum, Richard O |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Haig, David |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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