Novel insights and therapeutic approaches in idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease

© 2018 by The American Society of Hematology..

Castleman disease (CD) describes a heterogeneous group of hematologic disorders that share characteristic lymph node histopathology. Patients of all ages present with either a solitary enlarged lymph node (unicentric CD) or multicentric lymphadenopathy (MCD) with systemic inflammation, cytopenias, and life-threatening multiple organ dysfunction resulting from a cytokine storm often driven by interleukin 6 (IL-6). Uncontrolled human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection causes approximately 50% of MCD cases, whereas the etiology is unknown in the remaining HHV-8-negative/idiopathic MCD cases (iMCD). The limited understanding of etiology, cell types, and signaling pathways involved in iMCD has slowed development of treatments and contributed to historically poor patient outcomes. Here, recent progress for diagnosing iMCD, characterizing etio-pathogenesis, and advancing treatments are reviewed. Several clinicopathological analyses provided the evidence base for the first-ever diagnostic criteria and revealed distinct clinical subtypes: thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis/renal dysfunction, organomegaly (iMCD-TAFRO) or iMCD-not otherwise specified (iMCD-NOS), which are both observed all over the world. In 2014, the anti-IL-6 therapy siltuximab became the first iMCD treatment approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, on the basis of a 34% durable response rate; consensus guidelines recommend it as front-line therapy. Recent cytokine and proteomic profiling has revealed normal IL-6 levels in many patients with iMCD and potential alternative driver cytokines. Candidate novel genomic alterations, dysregulated cell types, and signaling pathways have also been identified as candidate therapeutic targets. RNA sequencing for viral transcripts did not reveal novel viruses, HHV-8, or other viruses pathologically associated with iMCD. Despite progress, iMCD remains poorly understood. Further efforts to elucidate etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment approaches, particularly for siltuximab-refractory patients, are needed.

Medienart:	E-Artikel

Erscheinungsjahr:	2018
Erschienen:	2018

Enthalten in:	Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:132
Enthalten in:	Blood - 132(2018), 22 vom: 29. Nov., Seite 2323-2330

Sprache:	Englisch

Beteiligte Personen:	Fajgenbaum, David C [VerfasserIn]

Links:	Volltext

Themen:	4F4X42SYQ6 Adrenal Cortex Hormones Antibodies, Monoclonal Immunologic Factors Interleukin-6 Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Review Rituximab Siltuximab T4H8FMA7IM

Anmerkungen:	Date Completed 29.07.2019 Date Revised 02.02.2021 published: Print Citation Status MEDLINE

doi:	10.1182/blood-2018-05-848671

funding:
Förderinstitution / Projekttitel:

PPN (Katalog-ID):	NLM291181775