Bothrops jararaca accessory venom gland is an ancillary source of toxins to the snake
Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved..
In Viperidae snakes, it has been attributed to the main venom gland, a component of the venom gland apparatus, the function of synthesizing all venom toxins and storing them inside a basal-central lumen. However, the role of the accessory gland is still unknown. Here, we analyzed the proteome and the transcriptome of the accessory gland during venom production and secretion cycle. We showed that the accessory gland expresses and synthesizes toxins that are similar to those produced by the main venom gland such as C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like proteins, metalloproteinase, phospholipase A2, cysteine rich secretory protein, nerve growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, serine proteinase, and l-amino acid oxidase. Our data have shown that toxin synthesis in the accessory gland is asynchronous when compared to the same process in the venom gland. Moreover, this gland also expresses inhibitors of venom phospholipases A2 and metalloproteinases. Transcriptome analysis showed that the transcripts that correspond to toxins in the accessory gland have a good correlation to the main venom gland transcripts. Therefore, it is proposed that the accessory gland is an ancillary source of toxins to the snake, and provides inhibitors that could control venom toxicity (and integrity) during storage.
SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we propose that the accessory venom gland acts as an important ancillary source of toxins to the snake, in lieu of a depleted main venom gland, and provides inhibiting agents that control venom toxicity (and integrity) during its storage.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2018 |
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| Erschienen: |
2018 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:177 |
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| Enthalten in: |
Journal of proteomics - 177(2018) vom: 15. Apr., Seite 137-147 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Valente, Richard Hemmi [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 10.07.2019 Date Revised 10.07.2019 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1016/j.jprot.2017.12.009 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM279884702 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Valente, Richard Hemmi |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Bothrops jararaca accessory venom gland is an ancillary source of toxins to the snake |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2018 | |
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| 500 | |a Date Revised 10.07.2019 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | ||
| 520 | |a In Viperidae snakes, it has been attributed to the main venom gland, a component of the venom gland apparatus, the function of synthesizing all venom toxins and storing them inside a basal-central lumen. However, the role of the accessory gland is still unknown. Here, we analyzed the proteome and the transcriptome of the accessory gland during venom production and secretion cycle. We showed that the accessory gland expresses and synthesizes toxins that are similar to those produced by the main venom gland such as C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like proteins, metalloproteinase, phospholipase A2, cysteine rich secretory protein, nerve growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, serine proteinase, and l-amino acid oxidase. Our data have shown that toxin synthesis in the accessory gland is asynchronous when compared to the same process in the venom gland. Moreover, this gland also expresses inhibitors of venom phospholipases A2 and metalloproteinases. Transcriptome analysis showed that the transcripts that correspond to toxins in the accessory gland have a good correlation to the main venom gland transcripts. Therefore, it is proposed that the accessory gland is an ancillary source of toxins to the snake, and provides inhibitors that could control venom toxicity (and integrity) during storage | ||
| 520 | |a SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we propose that the accessory venom gland acts as an important ancillary source of toxins to the snake, in lieu of a depleted main venom gland, and provides inhibiting agents that control venom toxicity (and integrity) during its storage | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Accessory gland | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Bothrops jararaca | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Proteomics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Snake | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Toxins | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Transcriptomics | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Crotalid Venoms |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Proteome |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Phospholipases A2 |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a EC 3.1.1.4 |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Metalloproteases |2 NLM | |
| 650 | 7 | |a EC 3.4.- |2 NLM | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Luna, Milene Schmidt |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a de Oliveira, Ursula Castro |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Nishiyama-Junior, Milton Yutaka |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Junqueira-de-Azevedo, Inácio de Loiola |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Portes-Junior, José Antonio |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Clissa, Patricia Bianca |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Viana, Luciana Godoy |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Sanches, Leonardo |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Moura-da-Silva, Ana Maria |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Perales, Jonas |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Yamanouye, Norma |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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