Trends in Personal Belief Exemption Rates Among Alternative Private Schools : Waldorf, Montessori, and Holistic Kindergartens in California, 2000-2014
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate trends in rates of personal belief exemptions (PBEs) to immunization requirements for private kindergartens in California that practice alternative educational methods.
METHODS: We used California Department of Public Health data on kindergarten PBE rates from 2000 to 2014 to compare annual average increases in PBE rates between schools.
RESULTS: Alternative schools had an average PBE rate of 8.7%, compared with 2.1% among public schools. Waldorf schools had the highest average PBE rate of 45.1%, which was 19 times higher than in public schools (incidence rate ratio = 19.1; 95% confidence interval = 16.4, 22.2). Montessori and holistic schools had the highest average annual increases in PBE rates, slightly higher than Waldorf schools (Montessori: 8.8%; holistic: 7.1%; Waldorf: 3.6%).
CONCLUSIONS: Waldorf schools had exceptionally high average PBE rates, and Montessori and holistic schools had higher annual increases in PBE rates. Children in these schools may be at higher risk for spreading vaccine-preventable diseases if trends are not reversed.
| Errataetall: |
CommentIn: Am J Public Health. 2017 Jan;107(1):15-17. - PMID 27925817 |
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| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2017 |
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| Erschienen: |
2017 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:107 |
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| Enthalten in: |
American journal of public health - 107(2017), 1 vom: 15. Jan., Seite 108-112 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
Brennan, Julia M [VerfasserIn] |
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| Themen: |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 12.06.2017 Date Revised 13.11.2018 published: Print-Electronic CommentIn: Am J Public Health. 2017 Jan;107(1):15-17. - PMID 27925817 Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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NLM266266657 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Brennan, Julia M |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Trends in Personal Belief Exemption Rates Among Alternative Private Schools |b Waldorf, Montessori, and Holistic Kindergartens in California, 2000-2014 |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2017 | |
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| 500 | |a Date Completed 12.06.2017 | ||
| 500 | |a Date Revised 13.11.2018 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a CommentIn: Am J Public Health. 2017 Jan;107(1):15-17. - PMID 27925817 | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a OBJECTIVES: To evaluate trends in rates of personal belief exemptions (PBEs) to immunization requirements for private kindergartens in California that practice alternative educational methods | ||
| 520 | |a METHODS: We used California Department of Public Health data on kindergarten PBE rates from 2000 to 2014 to compare annual average increases in PBE rates between schools | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: Alternative schools had an average PBE rate of 8.7%, compared with 2.1% among public schools. Waldorf schools had the highest average PBE rate of 45.1%, which was 19 times higher than in public schools (incidence rate ratio = 19.1; 95% confidence interval = 16.4, 22.2). Montessori and holistic schools had the highest average annual increases in PBE rates, slightly higher than Waldorf schools (Montessori: 8.8%; holistic: 7.1%; Waldorf: 3.6%) | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSIONS: Waldorf schools had exceptionally high average PBE rates, and Montessori and holistic schools had higher annual increases in PBE rates. Children in these schools may be at higher risk for spreading vaccine-preventable diseases if trends are not reversed | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bednarczyk, Robert A |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Richards, Jennifer L |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Allen, Kristen E |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Warraich, Gohar J |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Omer, Saad B |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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