Diarrhea in children less than two years of age with known HIV status in Kisumu, Kenya
Published by Elsevier Ltd..
OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency and etiology of diarrhea in children aged less than 2 years with known HIV status.
METHODS: This was a nested cohort study, whereby children were followed during monthly routine and unscheduled visits. The HIV status of children was determined with PCR. A stool culture was obtained from children with diarrhea. A subset of stool samples was examined for parasites and tested for rotavirus.
RESULTS: Between 1997 and 2001, 682 children (51.0% male) contributed observation periods with a mean of 47 weeks. Overall there were 198 episodes of diarrhea per 100 child-years of observation (CYO); diarrhea was more common among HIV-positive children than among HIV-negative children (321 vs. 183 episodes/100 CYO, respectively, p<0.01) and was not statistically different for HIV-negative children born to HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative mothers (182 vs. 187 episodes/100 CYO, respectively, p=0.36). For 66.5% of the acute episodes a stool culture was obtained; 27.8% of stool cultures yielded a bacterial pathogen. A positive stool culture was less likely among HIV-positive children compared to children of HIV-negative mothers (20.5% vs. 34.3%, p=0.01). Susceptibility of Salmonella and Shigella to commonly used antibiotics was low. Rotavirus was detected in 13.9% of 202 examined stool samples, and a stool parasite in 3.8% of 394 samples. Diarrhea was associated with 37.8% of child deaths.
CONCLUSIONS: Diarrhea was more common among HIV-infected children, but was not associated with specific bacterial pathogens. Measures that reduce diarrhea will benefit all children, but may benefit HIV-infected children in particular.
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2010 |
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| Erschienen: |
2010 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:14 |
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| Enthalten in: |
International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases - 14(2010), 3 vom: 14. März, Seite e220-5 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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| Beteiligte Personen: |
van Eijk, Anna M [VerfasserIn] |
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| Links: |
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| Themen: |
Journal Article |
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| Anmerkungen: |
Date Completed 01.07.2010 Date Revised 15.03.2010 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
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| doi: |
10.1016/j.ijid.2009.06.001 |
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| funding: |
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| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
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| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
NLM190545348 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a van Eijk, Anna M |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Diarrhea in children less than two years of age with known HIV status in Kisumu, Kenya |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2010 | |
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| 500 | |a Date Revised 15.03.2010 | ||
| 500 | |a published: Print-Electronic | ||
| 500 | |a Citation Status MEDLINE | ||
| 520 | |a Published by Elsevier Ltd. | ||
| 520 | |a OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency and etiology of diarrhea in children aged less than 2 years with known HIV status | ||
| 520 | |a METHODS: This was a nested cohort study, whereby children were followed during monthly routine and unscheduled visits. The HIV status of children was determined with PCR. A stool culture was obtained from children with diarrhea. A subset of stool samples was examined for parasites and tested for rotavirus | ||
| 520 | |a RESULTS: Between 1997 and 2001, 682 children (51.0% male) contributed observation periods with a mean of 47 weeks. Overall there were 198 episodes of diarrhea per 100 child-years of observation (CYO); diarrhea was more common among HIV-positive children than among HIV-negative children (321 vs. 183 episodes/100 CYO, respectively, p<0.01) and was not statistically different for HIV-negative children born to HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative mothers (182 vs. 187 episodes/100 CYO, respectively, p=0.36). For 66.5% of the acute episodes a stool culture was obtained; 27.8% of stool cultures yielded a bacterial pathogen. A positive stool culture was less likely among HIV-positive children compared to children of HIV-negative mothers (20.5% vs. 34.3%, p=0.01). Susceptibility of Salmonella and Shigella to commonly used antibiotics was low. Rotavirus was detected in 13.9% of 202 examined stool samples, and a stool parasite in 3.8% of 394 samples. Diarrhea was associated with 37.8% of child deaths | ||
| 520 | |a CONCLUSIONS: Diarrhea was more common among HIV-infected children, but was not associated with specific bacterial pathogens. Measures that reduce diarrhea will benefit all children, but may benefit HIV-infected children in particular | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Journal Article | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Brooks, John T |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Adcock, Penny M |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Garrett, Valerie |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Eberhard, Mark |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Rosen, Daniel H |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ayisi, John G |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ochieng, John B |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kumar, Lata |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gentsch, Jon R |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Nahlen, Bernard L |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Mintz, Eric D |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Slutsker, Laurence |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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