Fungal Species and Multi-Mycotoxin Associated with Post-Harvest Sorghum (<i<Sorghum bicolor</i< (L.) Moench) Grain in Eastern Ethiopia
Sorghum is the main staple food crop in developing countries, including Ethiopia. However, sorghum grain quantity and quality are affected by contaminating fungi both under field and post-harvest stage. The aim of the current study was to assessed fungal species and multi-mycotoxins associated with sorghum grain in post-harvest samples collected from eastern Ethiopia. Fungal genera of <i<Aspergillus</i<, <i<Alternaria</i<, <i<Bipolaris</i<, <i<Fusarium</i<, <i<Mucor</i<, <i<Penicillium,</i< and <i<Rhizoctonia</i< were recovered in the infected grain. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) was used for quantification of multiple mycotoxins/fungal metabolites. Overall, 94 metabolites were detected and grouped into eight categories. All metabolites were detected either in one or more samples. Among major mycotoxins and derivatives, deoxynivalenol (137 μg/kg), zearalenone (121 μg/kg), ochratoxin A (115 μg/kg), and fumonisin B<sub<1</sub< (112 μg/kg) were detected with maximum concentrations, while aflatoxin B<sub<1</sub< had relatively lower concentrations (23.6 μg/kg). Different emerging mycotoxins were also detected, with tenuazonic acid (1515 μg/kg) occurring at the maximum concentration among <i<Alternaria</i< metabolites. Fusaric acid (2786 μg/kg) from <i<Fusarium</i< metabolites and kojic acid (4584 μg/kg) were detected with the maximum concentration among <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Aspergillus</i< metabolites, respectively. Unspecific metabolites were recognized with neoechinulin A (1996 μg/kg) at the maximum concentration, followed by cyclo (L-Pro-L-Tyr) (574 μg/kg) and cyclo (L-Pro-L-Val) (410 μg/kg). Moreover, metabolites form other fungal genera and bacterial metabolites were also detected at varying levels. Apparently, the study revealed that sorghum grains collected across those districts were significantly contaminated with co-occurrences of several mycotoxins. Farmers should be the main target groups to be trained on the improved management of sorghum production..
| Medienart: |
E-Artikel |
|---|
| Erscheinungsjahr: |
2022 |
|---|---|
| Erschienen: |
2022 |
| Enthalten in: |
Zur Gesamtaufnahme - volume:14 |
|---|---|
| Enthalten in: |
Toxins - 14(2022), 7, p 473 |
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
|---|
| Beteiligte Personen: |
Abdi Mohammed [VerfasserIn] |
|---|
| Links: |
doi.org [kostenfrei] |
|---|
| Themen: |
|---|
| doi: |
10.3390/toxins14070473 |
|---|
| funding: |
|
|---|---|
| Förderinstitution / Projekttitel: |
|
| PPN (Katalog-ID): |
DOAJ084970472 |
|---|
| LEADER | 01000caa a22002652 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | DOAJ084970472 | ||
| 003 | DE-627 | ||
| 005 | 20240414113152.0 | ||
| 007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 230311s2022 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.3390/toxins14070473 |2 doi | |
| 035 | |a (DE-627)DOAJ084970472 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)DOAJ01bded1ff6fd479eb288e6b6f0e799c7 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | |a eng | ||
| 100 | 0 | |a Abdi Mohammed |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Fungal Species and Multi-Mycotoxin Associated with Post-Harvest Sorghum (<i<Sorghum bicolor</i< (L.) Moench) Grain in Eastern Ethiopia |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2022 | |
| 336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a Computermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 520 | |a Sorghum is the main staple food crop in developing countries, including Ethiopia. However, sorghum grain quantity and quality are affected by contaminating fungi both under field and post-harvest stage. The aim of the current study was to assessed fungal species and multi-mycotoxins associated with sorghum grain in post-harvest samples collected from eastern Ethiopia. Fungal genera of <i<Aspergillus</i<, <i<Alternaria</i<, <i<Bipolaris</i<, <i<Fusarium</i<, <i<Mucor</i<, <i<Penicillium,</i< and <i<Rhizoctonia</i< were recovered in the infected grain. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) was used for quantification of multiple mycotoxins/fungal metabolites. Overall, 94 metabolites were detected and grouped into eight categories. All metabolites were detected either in one or more samples. Among major mycotoxins and derivatives, deoxynivalenol (137 μg/kg), zearalenone (121 μg/kg), ochratoxin A (115 μg/kg), and fumonisin B<sub<1</sub< (112 μg/kg) were detected with maximum concentrations, while aflatoxin B<sub<1</sub< had relatively lower concentrations (23.6 μg/kg). Different emerging mycotoxins were also detected, with tenuazonic acid (1515 μg/kg) occurring at the maximum concentration among <i<Alternaria</i< metabolites. Fusaric acid (2786 μg/kg) from <i<Fusarium</i< metabolites and kojic acid (4584 μg/kg) were detected with the maximum concentration among <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Aspergillus</i< metabolites, respectively. Unspecific metabolites were recognized with neoechinulin A (1996 μg/kg) at the maximum concentration, followed by cyclo (L-Pro-L-Tyr) (574 μg/kg) and cyclo (L-Pro-L-Val) (410 μg/kg). Moreover, metabolites form other fungal genera and bacterial metabolites were also detected at varying levels. Apparently, the study revealed that sorghum grains collected across those districts were significantly contaminated with co-occurrences of several mycotoxins. Farmers should be the main target groups to be trained on the improved management of sorghum production. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a multi-mycotoxins | |
| 650 | 4 | |a sorghum grain | |
| 650 | 4 | |a eastern Ethiopia | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Medicine | |
| 653 | 0 | |a R | |
| 700 | 0 | |a Zelalem Bekeko |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 0 | |a Mawardi Yusufe |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 0 | |a Michael Sulyok |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 0 | |a Rudolf Krska |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i In |t Toxins |d MDPI AG, 2010 |g 14(2022), 7, p 473 |w (DE-627)DOAJ000101656 |x 20726651 |7 nnns |
| 773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:14 |g year:2022 |g number:7, p 473 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14070473 |z kostenfrei |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://doaj.org/article/01bded1ff6fd479eb288e6b6f0e799c7 |z kostenfrei |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/7/473 |z kostenfrei |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |u https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6651 |y Journal toc |z kostenfrei |
| 912 | |a GBV_USEFLAG_A | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_DOAJ | ||
| 951 | |a AR | ||
| 952 | |d 14 |j 2022 |e 7, p 473 | ||